1. CMS Hadron Calorimeter
Andris Skuja
Lv.2 HCAL Project Manager’s Overview
US CMS Annual Meeting
Riverside, California
May 19, 2001

2. System Overview
HCAL: US does all of HB and optical cables, transducers, front end and readout electronics for HO, HE and HF. HO HB HF HE

3. US HCAL Responsibilities
The US construction responsibilities for all HCAL subdetectors are well defined:
HB: absorber, megatile production (optics), optical cables & connectors, readout boxes, photodetectors (HPD’s), front end electronics, trigger/DAQ electronics, power supplies, controls: US CMS
HE brass (75%) & scintillator acquisition (only): US CMS
HE optical cables (materials) & connectors, readout boxes, photodetectors (HPD’s), front end electronics, trigger/DAQ electronics, power supplies, controls: US CMS
HO readout boxes, photodetectors, front end electronics, trigger/DAQ electronics, power supplies, controls: US CMS
HF and HF shielding mechanical design: US CMS
HF quartz fiber (Plastic cladding): US CMS
HF readout boxes, photomultipliers, front end electronics, trigger/DAQ electronics, power supplies, controls: US CMS

4. Non-US Responsibilities
Responsibilities of CMS collaborators
HE: absorber manufacture, megatile production (optics) : R/DMS
HO installation brackets & tooling, megatiles (including scintillator), optical cables & connectors: India
HF absorber manufacture and installation tooling: Russia
HF shielding, support structure: CERN, Russia, Turkey, Iran
HF quartz fiber installation: Hungary
HB/HE/HF: HV Supply Engineering: Bulgaria

5. Absorber & Tooling The HB Absorber Team is headed by Jim Freeman
Two HB prototype wedges (PPP1 and PPP2) have been manufactured and delivered to CERN.
All HB- wedges are complete and their assembly tested. Twelve HB+ wedges are finished and six more are in the final machining phase. All 18 HB+ wedges await final test assembly at Felguera in June/July 2001.
All HB Installation Tooling is close to being finished at Felguera of Spain.
The chief mechanical engineer for the design and fabrication of the absorber and installation tooling is Igor Churin (FNAL). He is aided by 3 Guest Engineers (Yuri Orlov, Valeri Polubotko and Vladimir Siderov).
Igor Churin will oversee the HB- and HB+ assembly at CERN (2 months in 2001 and 2 months in 2002).

6. Barrel HCAL

7. HB- Absorber
HB- absorber is complete. It passed all QC tests and has been disassembled and shipped to CERN.

8. HB- at CERN
HB- wedges and scintillator crates in Bldg 186 at CERN. Scintillators will be installed into wedges in June.

9. Interior of cryostat Rail support
Interior of vacuum vessel for superconducting magnet.
The HBs rest on the rail.

10. HB+ 12 of 18 HB+ Wedges are complete Cradle and tooling ready
HB+ will be complete by end of July, ahead of schedule

11. Cable block stabilizer
HCAL Tooling
Completed: Cradles, spiders, lifting fixture, support beams
Left to do: Tie rods, stabilizer
Cable block stabilizer
Tie rods
Spider
Cradle
Riser
Support Beam

12. The Optical System
The HB megatiles are being fabricated at FNAL in Labs 5 & 8
Pawel de Barbaro (Rochester) has overall production responsibility for the optical system Readout Fiber (Pigtail) Assembly in Lab 5 is supervised by Howard Budd (Rochester).
The lead technical personnel are Jim Blomquist, Todd Nebel and Ewa Skup. The 14 full time production personnel include Russian (2) and Chinese (2) visitors allowing for quality control transfer to our colleagues abroad.
PPP1 & PPP2 megatiles have been delivered to CERN. More than 80% of the megatiles for HB- and HB+ are finished and many have been shipped to CERN as well. We are on schedule for megatile production being finished in September of 2001.
Optical cable is being manufactured by UIC (Mark Adams). This task will be finished in June of ‘01.

13. Megatile design, top view
Components are the machined scintillator plates, cover plates, fiber assembly (WLS spliced to clear fiber, optical connector) pigtails

14. Megatile cross-sectional view

15. HCAL Optics Factory Status: May, 2001

16. Readout Boxes (RBX’s)
US CMS is responsible for the Readout Boxes (RBX’s) for all HCAL subsystems (HB,HO,HE,HF) .
The light signals from the scintillator tile layers are summed optically in the Boxes to form Calorimeter towers.
A new design now exists for HB and HE RBX’s that is modular and can co-exist with the services surrounding HE and HB. The box shell contains a backplane and a cooling circuit. HPD RM’s (Readout Modules) containing a 19-channel or a 73-channel HPD and its corresponding ODU (Optical Decoder Unit) are plugged into the box. It also contains a Calibration Unit and a Clock & Control Module (CCM) as well as HV/LV plug-ins.
Randy Ruchti of Notre Dame is leading the design and fabrication team of this complex item. At Notre Dame he is assisted by Barry Baumbaugh (EE) and Jeffrey Marchant. Jim Reidy is leading the Mississippi effort to fabricate HE Box shells. Mark Adams and the UIC group are fabricating optical “pigtails” for the ODU’s.

17. HB RBX Detail View

18. HB RBX Full RBX with 19 ch RMs RBX Interior -- HV distributor and
backplane

19. RBX Readout Module
The readout module (RM) integrates the HPD, front end electronics, and digital optical drivers.
Electronics cards
HPD Mount HV
Interface Card
Optical Sorter

20. Photodetectors
The photodetectors for the optical readout of HB, HE and HO are DEP Hybrid Photodetectors (HPD’s) with either 19 or 73 pixel readout. They reside in the Readout Boxes, aligned with the 4T magnetic field. The H1 signals are directed to the 73 pixel HPD’s, while the H2 signals are routed to the 19 pixel HPD’s. Towers with multiple readouts may be processed by either tube type. We are studying the necessity of an independent H1 readout. Eliminating it could realize savings of about $1 million and add time contingency to the project.
Prisca Cushman of Minnesota is responsible for the HPD procurement , characterization and testing. She is assisted by electronics/optical engineer Arjan Heering.
Sergey Los & Anatoly Ronzhin of Fermilab have measured the HPD response at high frequencies. High Frequency cross-talk was observed in ‘99 as were a number of HV problems. These have been solved, one step taken being the aluminization of the diodes. This step contributed to optical cross talk (real photon back scattering) which had to be reduced by 1/4 wavelength coating. We have discovered no new problems and pre-production prototypes will be ready by Fall ‘01.

21. The Hybrid Photodiode
Tube Fabrication by Delft Electronic Products (Netherlands) Subcontracts: Canberra (Belgium) 22% for diodes Schott Glass (USA) 8% for fiber optic windows
Kyocera (Japan) 4% for vacuum feedthru/ceramic carrier
CMS Design
19 x 5.5mm
73 x 2.75mm
12 kV across 3.5 mm gap with Vth < 3 kV => Gain of 2500
Silicon PIN diode array, T-type
Thin (200 mm) with 100 V reverse bias for fast charge (holes) collection

22. Test Confirms Reflected Light
Light injected thru fiber
APD views reflected light
Light
Re-emitted photoelectrons
photoelectrons
pe backscatter

23. HCAL Electronics
The HCAL Electronics is divided into Front End Electronics (residing in the RBX’s) and the Trigger/DAQ interface electronics (HCAL TRIDAS). The HV/LV support systems as well as the monitoring system complete the electronics system.
John Elias of FNAL is the overall coordinator for this entire hardware subsystem.
The Front End electronics design is supervised by Elias and Terri Shaw (EE) of FNAL. A number of FNAL ASIC designers complete the team.
The TRIDAS project is supervised by Drew Baden of Maryland. The Maryland EE team includes Rob Bard and Tullio Grassi. BU is a major contributor to the TRIDAS project (Jim Rohlf and Eric Hazen (EE)) . Mark Adams of UIC rounds out the design effort. Chris Tully of Princeton is working on the VME readout chain.
The HV system is the responsibility of Fermilab (Anatoly Ronzhin and Sergey Los). The PS’s are being manufactured in Sofia, Bulgaria.
The LV system is the responsibility of FNAL (Claudio Rivetta)
The monitoring task is supervised by John Elias, but consists of many contributors from a number of institutions.

24. HCAL Electronics Overview

25. Front End Electronics
The Front End Electronics design and fabrication is an FNAL project. John Elias is the overall manager and coordinator of the electronics project. Theresa (Terri) Shaw (EE at FNAL) is the electronics integration engineer. The FNAL micro-electronics group is leading the front-end electronics ASIC design effort (supervised by Ray Yarema).
The front end electronics design now consists of a modified KTeV QIE chip with an on-board flash ADC on the same ASIC followed by a Channel Control ASIC (CCA). Sergey Los and Alan Baumbaugh (EE’s) act as interface engineers.
The digitized output signals are transmitted over optical links to the CMS Counting Room. Three (or two) ADC channels per link will be transmitted over the CMS rad-hard CERN solution to the counting house.
The ASIC project no longer defines our CRITICAL PATH. We expect to complete these ASICs by August of 2002.

26. Calibration System The Calibration system consists of:
Radioactive source system (primary and absolute calibration of all megatiles)
Laser system (stability monitoring and timing system for all megatiles)
LED’s (stand alone system)
QA/QC stations have also been manufactured to ensure megatile uniformity (FSU: megatile scanner; Notre Dame: Pigtail scanner)
Vasken Hagopian of Florida State is the overall manager of all calibration systems. He is directly responsible for the laser system (aided by Kurtis Johnson).
Virgil Barnes and Alvin Laasanen are responsible for the implementation of the radioactive source system. They are responsible for a similar system on CDF.
Yasar Onel is responsible for the implementation of the LED system.
All calibration systems could be finished by end of ‘01 for installation at CERN on time and on budget.

27. HB Calibration Box PPP3

28. Calibration Box Schematic

29. HB Calib Box PPP2
CERN Bldg 186 Calibration Box #2 prototype P2

30. HCAL SOURCE CALIBRATION
Schematic layout of HB Air-Motor Source Driver
Envelope is 410 mm x 700 mm

31. HCAL SOURCE CALIBRATION
Indexer 
Reel 
Schematic layout of HE Air-Motor Source Driver in the RBX “notch” Design drawing by A. Surkov

32. Trigger/DAQ Electronics
The HCAL Trigger/DAQ electronics serves as an interface between the HCAL raw data and the CMS Level I and Level II trigger electronics or computers. The design is based on modern FPGA’s (leading to future and present flexibility).
Drew Baden of Maryland is the manager for this task. Recently he has been joined by Jim Rohlf (of BU), who is assisting with oversight of these many distributed tasks that constitute this subsystem. The engineering design and electronics manufacture has been divided between Maryland Boston and UIC (HCAL Trigger Card (HTR): Maryland; Data Concentrator Card (DCC): Boston; and the HCAL Readout Controller (HRC): UIC)
The project consists of a Demonstrator phase (2000); a Prototype phase (2001) and a Production phase (2002). The Demonstrator has assumed some of the functionality of the Prototype so that the engineering has overlapped.

33. CMS TriDAS Architecture
Data from CMS FE to T/DAQ Readout Crates
Level 1 “primitives”
Crossing determined
Summing
Tx to Level 1 Trigger
Data is pipelined waiting decision
Level 1 accepts cause
Tx raw data to concentrators
Buffered and wait for DAQ readout
System communication via separate path (TTC)
Clock, resets, errors, L1 accepts…
Event Builder
Event
Manager
Level 1
Trigger
Detector Front End
Online
Controls
Computing Services
Readout
Crates
Level 2/3
Filter
Units

34. HCAL Contribution to Trigger/DAQ
Includes:
Receiver cards ( including fiber input receivers and deserializers)
Cables to Level 1 Trigger system
Concentrators
VME crate CPU module
VME crates and racks
Everything between but not including:
Fibers from QIE FEs
DAQ cables
Trigger/DAQ
Front End Readout Crate
- Level 1 Buffer
- Level 2 Concentrator
- Crate CPU
Level 2
and DAQ
CMS
HCAL
HCAL Data
QIE
Fibers
Level 1
Trigger

35. FE/DAQ Readout

36. HTR/Integration@UMD HTR (Maryland):
6U Front end emulator and LHC emulator finished
6U Demonstrator board finished
FE  TriDAS Links
R&D on G-Links 800 Mbps finished
R&D on Gigabit Ethernet 1.6 Gbps now beginning
Some work to do to pin down parallel optical links (PAROLI)
Decreases cost from $100 to $50/fiber
Cost and availability concerns
Evaluation of FPGA choices still underway
Functionality:
Understand of FPGA resource requirements
Overall integration
FNAL Aug ’01 source calibration tests
FPGA code very simple – no trigger requirement
Demonstrate
Data receiving, pipeline, synchronization, transmission to DCC
FPGA code development underway shortly
1 or 2 EE graduate students
Baden

37. DCC@BU VME Motherboard
DCC Logic Board
TTCRx
Xilinx VirtexII XC2V1000
2Mx32 DDRSDRAM
S-Link Source Card (optical fibre to DAQ)
3-Channel LVDS Serial Link Receiver
(6 used in final DCC)
PC-MIP PCI standard
VME Motherboard
Two prototypes working; 5 more boards being built
Link Receiver Board (LRB)
10 second-generation boards working
DCC Logic Board
PCB Design complete; being fabricated
FPGA coding underway
Test Stand Hardware Complete
Pentium/Linux computer, TTC System Working
Link Transmitters
S-Link cards available
Companion LVDS Serial Link Transmitter
(for testing only)

38. Forward Calorimeter (HF)
The forward calorimeter (HF) is essential for Missing Energy determination as well as for tagging Higgs production
HF is also an optical device, but a Cherenkov light device, sitting in a very high radiation environment. The Cherenkov light is produced and transmitted via quartz fibers to photomulitpliers. The entire electronics and calibration chain for HF is similar/identical to that of HB.
Nural Akchurin of the Texas Tech is the Technical Coordinator of the HF system. HF University groups contribute to the design and manufacture of specific HF subsystems: Larry Sulak, Jim Rohlf & Eric Hazen of Boston University (electronics); Walter Anderson of Iowa State, Yasar Onel of Iowa and Dave Winn of Fairfield (photomultipliers); John Hauptman of Iowa State (HV); Nural Akchurin of TTU (fiber testing and source calibration); Marc Baarmand of FIT (laser calibration); Greg Snow of Nebraska and Richard Wigmans of TTU (luminosity monitoring).

39. USCMS Responsibility Matrix
Front End, Trig/DAQ
(FNAL, BU)
DCS , Voltage
(FNAL)
Backplane matrix
(TTU)
Optics and Fibers
(TTU, Iowa - QP)
Absorber
(FNAL-Design)
Luminosity
(Nebraska,
TTU)
Photodetectors
(Iowa, TTU)
Base + HV Design
(ISU, TTU)
Calibration
(Iowa - LED)
(FSU - Laser)
(TTU + PU - Source)
Readout Boxes
(TTU)
Transporter
(FNAL - Design)
End Plug
(FNAL - Design)

40. HF Wedge and Detector
HF 20-degree sectors will be assembled into a superstructure with the aid of two L-shaped lifting fixtures. Each sector is optically and electronically independent. The design and assembly concepts are developed at FNAL.

41. Optics: Fiber Routing and Termination
Fibers
Source Tubes
Wedge
Ferrules
Preliminary fiber insertion studies have been carried out with the PPP2 wedge in Bat186. The optical assembly procedures and quality control process are being worked out by the US and the Hungarian colleagues from KFKI-Budapest.

42. Summary and Conclusions
HCAL is 60% finished
Remaining US tasks are readout and trigger electronics related
We have an aggressive schedule to complete by the magnet installation in early 2004, but we believe we can accomplish all our tasks