1. J-ToBi Jennifer J. Venditti Presentation by James Rishe

2. Japanese ToBI for use with Tokyo Japanese consistent with design principles of English ToBI only one accent tone focus on location of tones, and phrase boundaries five tiers: tones, words, break indices, finality, miscellaneous

3. Word representation

4. H*+L

5. Japanese has lexical accent When a word is accented, place H*+L on the accented syllable. If the accent is early or late, place > on the early accent or < on the late accent, and mark H*+L where it should be.

6. Late Accent

7. Phrasal H-

8. Boundary Tones Final L% and wL% Initial %L and %wL Final H%

9. Final L% and wL% Occur at end of accentual phrases wL% used when following phrase (without pause) is initially accented or begins with a long syllable) wL% indicates that the L% was not able to be fully realized and is undershot

10. Initial %L and %wL Occur at the beginning of utterance or post-pausal medial phrases %wL used when phrase begins with an accented mora or a long syllable

11. %wL

12. Final H%

13. Ambiguous H%

14. Final HL%

15. Accent Uncertainty (*?)

16. 4 degrees of break indices 0 very small disjuncture 1 consecutive words 2 medium disjuncture 3 strong disjuncture between adjacent words or between a word and silence m mismatch - uncertainty p disfluencies

17. Finality tier Occurs on break index 3 Finality related phenomena: final F0 lowering, segmental lengthening, creaky voice, amplitude lowering, long pauses, stylized “finality” contours

18. Finality