1. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-1

2. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-2 Chapter 10: Project Implementation State of IS project success critical success factors key IS project factors Need for User Training

3. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-3 State of IS Projects Most IS projects fail to some degree –time, cost, technical performance Usually don’t know until late in the project –testing the least predictable project element –everything seems fine until the end

4. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-4 ERP & Hershey’s Supply Chain Stedman [1999] Osterland [2000] Songini [2000]

5. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-5 History 1997 Hershey’s adopted a $110 million ERP system –SAP R/3 –Siebel CRM –Manugistics logistics package To replace many legacy systems Original 4 year project –Compressed to 30 months to precede Y2K –July 1999 three months behind schedule –Adopted big-bang approach to beat deadline

6. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-6 Hershey Business Very seasonal –Halloween, Thanksgiving Sept 1997 serious order processing & shipping problems –Shipping delays –Sent incomplete deliveries –Delivery time formerly 5 days, with ERP 12 days –Sales revenue dropped 12% from prior year –Inventory piled up at Hershey warehouses

7. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-7 Problem Diagnosis Attempted ERP implementation in supply chain environment –That can be done –Confounding factors During peak season Tried to do too much as once Complexity from CRM & Logistics Planning add- ons Time pressure

8. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-8 Supply Chain & ERP Can be done Hershey’s was a bleeding edge pioneer Hershey’s seems to have solved problems

9. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-9 Failure Types Corresponding Failure –fail to meet design objectives Process Failure –on time & within budget Interaction Failure –system not used Expectation Failure –doesn’t meet stakeholder expectations

10. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-10 Reasons for IS Project Failure Engler (1996) Lack of Client Involvement Lack of Top Management Support –project champion helps Lack of Project Definition –includes clear plan, goals –also standards for testing

11. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-11 Implementation Planning Boehm (1981) StageRelative cost of defect removal requirements definition 1 design stage 3.5 coding stage 10 testing stage 50 after delivery170

12. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-12 Key factors for software quality Phan, et al. (1995) well defined quality goals good management of reusable code good quality assurance planning & control effective feedback

13. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-13 Outsourcing Avoid problems by hiring specialists Becoming more popular –Faster, less expensive Lose a great deal of control –Tradeoff: cost & time versus control Don’t outsource core competencies

14. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-14 User Involvement Meetings to specify design features Meetings during project Training –a key part of many projects

15. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-15 User Training Can build great system –If users don’t use, system a failure –Sound training helps explain benefits of system Common pitfalls –Focus on software rather than business processes –Focus on command sequences without discussing why –Skimping on training time –Tendency of users to solve problems the old way rather than learn the new system

16. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-16 Options to Deliver Training Web-based virtual training Computer-based training Video courses Self-study books Pop-up help screens

17. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-17 Installation Options Parallel Installation –very expensive Pilot Operation Cold Turkey –not recommended

18. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-18 Caveat Kirby (1996) requisitioning information system –food producer, interact with 36 existing systems –High top management support –Heavy user involvement Cost $3 million est., $5 actual; late –accountants saw system would replace them –plant people saw greater control by HQ –sales force saw imposition, monitoring

19. © McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2004 Information Systems Project Management—David Olson 10-19 Summary Top management support User involvement Clear system objectives for successful implementation, need –implementation planning –early system testing –user training