1. Sun-Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration with other NASA Roadmaps Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

2. Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on Earth, the solar system, the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies that can improve future operational systems Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap: Knowledge for Exploration

3. External and Internal Factors We are poised to provide knowledge and predictive understanding of the system Our society needs space weather knowledge to function efficiently Human beings require space weather predictions to work productively and efficiently in space

4. A recent Sun-Solar System Case Study Disturbed Upper Atmosphere Space Storms at the Outer Planets Solar System Blast Wave Disturbed Mars-Space & Atmospheric Loss Dangerous Radiation Space Storms at Earth NASA’s fleet of scientific spacecraft formed one “Great Observatory”, providing a system level view as this space weather front moved outward from its solar source to drive space storms at Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn and finally to an encounter with the outer boundary of the heliosphere many months later. The huge scale and extreme conditions bred by such events highlight the importance of carefully targeted observations to understand system elements and serve as model inputs for predicting space weather conditions for future explorers and Earth-based society. These are the tasks addressed by SRM #10.

5. Our work over the past few decades have taught us enough about our local space environment to know that our task to produce reliable space weather predictions is a formidable challenge. For a striking view of the vast differences in scale sizes to be understood and monitored, play the movie at: http://sun.stanford.edu/roadmap/NewZoom2.mov Factors of 10 are a major observational challenge: meters or 10’s of km in ionosphere, 100’s in magnetosphere and at solar surface, 1000’s for CME lift-off and space storms, several AU for CME propagation.

6. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration with other NASA Roadmaps Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

7. Sun-Solar System Connection Science Objectives: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects … Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium Understand the Nature of Our Home in Space Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields Safeguard Our Outbound Journey Maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers by developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space

8. NASA Strategic Objective: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on the Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understand the Nature of Our Home in Space Safeguard Our Outbound Journey Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields Maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers by developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space Sun-Solar System Connection Science Objectives

9. Open the Frontier to Space Weather Prediction 2) Understand the plasma processes that accelerate and transport particles throughout the solar system 5) Understand the role of cross-scale coupling in creating plasma boundaries and the significance of boundaries in controlling physical processes 1) Understand magnetic reconnection as revealed in solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geospace storms 3) Understand how nonlinear interactions transfer energy and momentum within planetary upper atmospheres. 4) Determine how solar, stellar, and planetary magnetic dynamos are created and why they vary.

10. 1) Understand the causes and subsequent evolution of activity that affects Earth’s space climate and environment Understand the Nature of our Home in Space 2) Understand changes in the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere to enable specification, prediction, and mitigation of their effects 3) Understand the Sun's role as an energy source to the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly the role of solar variability in driving climate change 4) Apply our understanding of space plasma physics to the role of stellar activity and magnetic shielding in planetary system evolution and habitability

11. Safeguarding our Outbound Journey 1) Characterize the variability and extremes of the space environments that will be encountered by human and robotic explorers 2) Develop the capability to predict the origin of solar activity and disturbances associated with potentially hazardous space weather. 3) Develop the capability to predict the acceleration and propagation of energetic particles in order to enable safe travel for human and robotic explorers 4) Understand how space weather affects planetary environments to minimize risk in exploration activities.

12. Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap Goal Structure Agency Strategic Objective: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on the Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers Phase 1: 2005-2015Phase 2: 2015-2025Phase 3: 2025-beyond Opening the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understanding the nature of our home in space Safeguarding our outbound journey Measure magnetic reconnection at the Sun and Earth Determine the dominant processes of particle acceleration Set the critical scales over which cross- scale coupling occurs Understand how solar disturbances propagate to Earth Determine quantitative drivers of the geospace environment Identify the impacts of solar variability on Earth’s atmosphere Describe how space plasmas and planetary atmospheres interact Determine extremes of the vari- able radiation and space environ- ments at Earth, Moon, & Mars Nowcast solar and space weather and forecast “All-Clear” periods for space explorers near Earth Model the magnetic processes that drive space weather Quantify particle acceleration for the key regions of exploration Identify precursors of important solar disturbances and predict the Earth’s response Integrate solar variability effects into Earth climate models Determine the habitability of solar system bodies Characterize the near-Sun source region of the space environment Reliably forecast space weather for the Earth-Moon system; make first space weather nowcasts at Mars Determine Mars atmospheric variabilityrelevant to aerocapture, entry, descent, landing, surface navigation and communications Predict solar magnetic activity and energy release Predict high energy particle flux throughout the solar system. Understand the coupling of disparate astrophysical systems Continuously forecast conditions throughout the heliosphere Predict climate change* Determine how the habitability evolves in time Image activity on other stars Provide situational awareness of the space environment throughout the inner Solar System Reliably predict atmospheric and radiation environment at Mars to ensure safe surface operations Analyze the first direct samples of the interstellar medium Develop technologies, observations, and knowledge systems that support operational systems

13. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration with other NASA Roadmaps Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

14. Understand Reconnection Particle Acceleration Cross Scale Coupling Nowcast disturbances and forecast “all-clears” Sun-Earth Observatory Sun-Solar System Connection Implementation Spiral 0 Robotic Exploration Great Observatory Present Capability Spiral 0 Robotic Exploration Great Observatory Present Capability Spiral 1 Sun-Earth-Moon System Human Lunar Exploration Model Predictions Spiral 1 Sun-Earth-Moon System Human Lunar Exploration Model Predictions Spiral 2 Terrestrial Planets Human Mars Exploration Forecasting Spiral 2 Terrestrial Planets Human Mars Exploration Forecasting Model Systems Model Systems Characterize Environments Characterize Environments Forecast Hazards Forecast Hazards Spiral 3 Sun-Solar System Situational Awareness Spiral 3 Sun-Solar System Situational Awareness Lunar Safety Lunar Safety CEV-1 Design CEV-1 Design Mars Transit Mars Transit Prototype Capabilities Prototype Capabilities Inner Heliosphere Observatory Solar System Observatory Understand: Space Weather drivers Space Environment Extremes Understand Solar Propagation Solar/Climate Change Planetary Atmospheres Current Observatory Magnetic Processes Particle Acceleration Magnetic processes driving space weather Predict Climate Change Planet habitability evolution w/ time Image activity on other stars Solar System Situational Awareness 2005201520252035Beyond Magnetospheres of other star systems Solar System Forecasts Understand habitability drivers of solar system bodies Forecast & mitigate Earth space weather effects Direct samples of interstellar medium

15. Resources Science Investigations: Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Living with a Star (LWS) Explorer Program Discovery Program Sun-Solar System Great Observatory Research Programs: Research and Analysis Grants Guest Investigator Theory Program Targeted Research & Technology Project Columbia Enabling Technologies: Sounding Rocket/Balloon Program Advanced Technology Program Education and Public Outreach

16. Current Strategic Impediments: Cost of launch vehicles have increased XX% over past XX years Cost of risk mitigation efforts have increased XX% over past XX years Mitigation of full cost accounting impacts Availability of XX-class launch vehicles is uncertain, may require the use of larger launch vehicles Cost of Program Elements Science Missions:Approximate Cost Range* Low- to mid- cost, multi-objective, strategic science missions1 to 3 MIDEX, each, total mission Explorer cost, single objective science missions0.5 to 1 MIDEX, each, total mission Mission Partnerships with other Agencies0.15 MIDEX, each, total mission Sun-Solar System Great Observatory0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year, operations Strategic, multi-objective, flagship science mission4 MIDEX, each, total mission Research Programs: Fundamental Research and Analysis0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Targeted Research & Technology0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Guest Investigator on Operating Missions0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Theory and Modeling Program0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Enabling Technologies: Sounding Rocket/Balloon Program0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Advanced Technology Program0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year High End Computing0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Education and Public Outreach0.XX MIDEX, in total, per year Unit of Measure: MIDEX = ~$XXM in Real Year $$ as of February 2005, launch cost not included MIDEX missions are typically XX kg, VW Beetle-sized, Delta-II launch, *launch costs not included

17. MMS/Reconnection STEREO/Solar CME Recommended Implementation 2006 2010 2008 201220142016201820202022 2024 20262028 2030 20322034 The Great Observatory: Use of low-cost mission extensions to form solar system wide view for understanding of solar storm propagation, impact of solar activity on planetary systems, solar system scale phenomena, interaction of solar system with interstellar media Strategic Flagship Mission: inner boundary of our system and learn the origins of solar energetic particle events Low- to mid cost, multi-objective, strategically planned for fundamental space physics and space weather investigations, 1 launch per 2-3 years Solar-B/Sun 2006 2010 2008 201220142016201820202022 2024 20262028 2030 20322034 ESA/Solar Orbiter Low- to mid-cost, multi-objective, strategically targeted for Life and Society Science investigations, 1 launch per 2-3 years SDO/Sun 2006 2010 2008 201220142016201820202022 2024 20262028 2030 20322034 RBSP/ Earth->Moon Radiation to be completed Sun-Earth Great Observatory Inner Solar System Great Observatory Solar System Great Observatory Explorers, single objective, strategically selected to respond to new knowledge/decision points, 1 launch per 2-3 years AIM/ Noctilucent Clouds 2006 2010 2008 201220142016201820202022 2024 20262028 2030 20322034 THEMIS/ Magnetic Substorms IBEX/ Interstellar Boundary Fundamental Research and Analysis Targeted Research & Technology Guest Investigator on Operating Missions Theory and Modeling Program Sounding Rocket/Balloon Program Advanced Technology Program High End Computing - Virtual Observatories Education and Public Outreach Spiral 0 2005-2015 Spiral 1 2015-2025 Spiral 2 2025 - 2035 Sun-Solar System Science Program Elements MIDEXSMEXMIDEXSMEX MIDEX SMEX to be completed Spiral 3 Beyond 2035

18. Great ObservatorySR&T, LCAS, Explorers, MoOs Joint Sun-Earth Mission Sun-Solar System Science Mission Element Solar-B 2005201520252035 Spiral 0 Robotic Exploration Great Observatory Present Capability Spiral 0 Robotic Exploration Great Observatory Present Capability Spiral 1 Human Lunar Exploration Earth-Moon System Model Predictions Spiral 1 Human Lunar Exploration Earth-Moon System Model Predictions Spiral 2 Human Mars Exploration Terrestrial Planets Forecasting Spiral 2 Human Mars Exploration Terrestrial Planets Forecasting STEREO SolarDynObs Mission 1B Mission 1A Mission 1C RBStormProbes Mission 1D Model Systems Model Systems Characterize Environments Characterize Environments Forecast Hazards Forecast Hazards MagMultiScale Spiral 3 Exploration To Solar System Limits System Forecasting Spiral 3 Exploration To Solar System Limits System Forecasting Mission 3A Mission 3B Mission 3C Etc. Mission 3A Mission 3B Mission 3C Etc. * Explorer Candidate Lunar Safety Lunar Safety CEV-1 Design CEV-1 Design Mars Transit Mars Transit DRAFT Mission 2A Mission 2B Mission 2C Mission 2D Mission 2E Mission 2F Mission 1E Mission 1F

19. Near-Term Priorities and Gaps Consolidate the existing Sun-Solar System Great Observatory in service of space weather research –Integrate Ionosphere-Thermosphere Storm Probes into the Great Observatory Take the next development step for the Sun-Solar System Connection Great Observatory: –Fly Solar Probe to explore the boundaries of our system and learn the origins of solar energetic particle events

20. Science that transforms knowledge Science enabling Exploration Science enabled by Exploration Priority SSSC Missions Understand Inform Discover Approach to Identify Priority Science Objectives Science that is Vital, Compelling & Urgent

21. Targeted Outcome: Phase 2, Safeguarding the Journey Specify Spacecraft and Communications Environments at Mars Implementation Phase 1: 2005-2015 Theory & Modelling Program To develop an Assimilative Model for Mars’ whole Atmosphere Mars Dynamics Mission To collect observations of densities, temperatures and winds 0-100 km over all local times at Mars Implementation Phase 2: 2015-2025 TIMED Mission To inform on tidal and tide-mean flow processes relevant to Mars Theory & Modelling Program To understand waves, instabilities, and plasma processes that determine variabilities of Earth & Mars’ environments; develop surface to ionopause first-principles model of Mars’ atmosphere ITM WAVES Mission To inform on wave-wave, wave-mean flow processes and parameterizations relevant to Mars Empirical models of global Mars atmosphere structure & variability Archival and real-time global measurements of neutral & plasma density, B-field, temperature, winds Enabling Capabilities & Measurements First principles data-assimilating models for predicting global atmosphere and ionosphere structure Electrical & Dust Environments IT Storm Probes Mission To inform on plasma irregularities relevant to COMM and NAV systems at Mars Required Understanding Dust, aerosol evolution and characteristics Wave-wave interactions at all scales Wave- turbulence interactions Parameterizations of turbulence and gravity wave effects in GCMs Wave-mean flow interactions Neutral & plasma instabilities Plasma-neutral coupling with B-field Non-LTE radiative transfer Plasma irregularities Lightning Critical Regimes: Entry, Descent & Landing (EDL), 0-40 km; Aerocapture, 40-80 km; Aerobraking & Orbital Lifetime, 80-250 km; Ionosphere 90-200 km Approach: Goals to Capabilities to Implementation Example Flowdown Requirements

22. Human Capital and Infrastructure So that we may develop/maintain U.S. space plasma and space weather prediction/mitigation expertise, it is vital to provide a broad range of competed funding opportunities for the scientific community Develop IT, Computing, Modeling and Analysis Infrastructure Virtual Observatories, Columbia Project Low Cost Access to Space Science, Training, & Instrument Development E/PO to Attract Workers to ESS Science Sufficient Opportunities to Maintain Multiple Hardware & Modeling Groups Strengthen University Involvement in Space Hardware Development Facilitate and Exploit Partnerships Interagency and International Upgrade DSN to Collect More Data Throughout the Solar System

23. Technology Development Answering science questions requires measurements at unique vantage points in and outside the solar system – Cost-effective, high-∆V propulsion –CRM-1: High energy power & propulsion—nuclear electric propulsion, RTGs –CRM-2: In-space transportation—solar sails –CRM-15: Nanotechnology—advanced carbon nanotube membranes for sails Resolving space-time ambiguities requires simultaneous in-situ measurements (constellations or sensor webs) – Compact, affordable spacecraft via low-power electronics —CRM-3: Advanced telescopes & observatories –Low-cost access to space –CRM-10: Transformational spaceport Return of large data sets from throughout the solar system – Next-generation, Deep Space Network –CRM-X: Communication and Navigation Visualization, analysis and modeling of solar system plasma data –CRM-13: Advanced modeling/simulation/analysis New measurement techniques – compact, affordable instrument suites – Next generation of SSSC instrumentation –CRM-11: Scientific instruments & sensors –CRM-15: Nanotechnology

24. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration with other NASA Roadmaps Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

25. Sun-Solar System Connections Mars & Lunar Exploration Primary interfaces involve the knowledge of the full range of space environment conditions for requirement specification, prediction, and situational awareness Exploration Transportation Shuttle & Space Station Space environment specification for materials and technology requirements definition. Prediction of solar activity and its impact on planetary and interplanetary environments as an operational element of Exploration. Examples:  presence of penetrating radiation (hazardous to health and microcircuitry);  varying ionization/scintillations (interferes with communications and navigation);  increased atmospheric scale heights (enhanced frictional drag). Human Health & Support Communication & Navigation Integration: Major Strategic Relationships

26. Mars Aeronomy and Ionosphere Atmospheric Loss; Habitability Comparative Magnetospheres/Ionospheres Exploration of heliosphere and interstellar medium Sun/Climate Connection Societal impacts of space weather processes History of Solar Wind Electrostatics & Charging Processes The Sun as a magnetic variable Star Fundamental plasma processes Primary interfaces involve understanding of the physical processes associated with the dynamics of space plasmas and electromagnetic fields Sun-Solar System Connections Mars Exploration Lunar Exploration Solar System Exploration Earth System and Dynamics Exploration of the Universe Integration: Major Scientific Relationships

27. Sun-Solar System Connections High Energy Power & Propulsion In-Space Transportation Advanced Telescopes and Observatories Human Planetary Landing Systems Robotic Access to Planetary Surfaces Communication and navigation Human Health and Support System Human Exploration Systems & Mobility needs high energy power and propulsion to reach unique vantage points and operate there; needs development of in-space propulsion such as provided by solar sails; needs space interferometry in UV, and compact affordable platforms for clusters & constellations contributes space weather now- and for-casting; needs high band width deep space communication contributes characterization, modeling, and prediction of planetary environments; contributes characterization, modeling, and prediction of space environments; contributes characterization, modeling, and prediction of planetary environments; Integration: Major Capability Relationships #1

28. Sun-Solar System Connections Autonomous Systems and Robotics Nanotechnology Advanced Modeling/Simulation/Analysis Systems Engineering Cost/Risk Analysis Transformation Spaceport/Range Scientific Instruments and Sensors In-situ Resource Utilization needs sensor web technology; needs affordable operations for constellations needs low cost space access via rockets, secondary payload accommodation, and low cost launchers; needs an array of new technologies that enable affordable synoptic observation program; contributes expertise & experience in techniques for space resource detection and location; needs advanced data assimilation from diverse sources and advanced model/simulation techniques for space weather prediction; best practices required across the board; Needs advanced carbon membranes for solar sails; cross cutting technology beneficial to many missions; Integration: Major Capability Relationships #2

29. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration Activities Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

30. Education and Public Outreach Education and Public Outreach is Essential to the Achievement of the Exploration Vision –Emphasis on workforce development –Requires increase in the capacity of our nation’s education systems (K-16); both in and out of school –Focus on entraining under-represented communities in STEM careers (demographic projections to 2025 underscore this need) Public engagement and support essential –Nature of SSSC science presents strong opportunities for ‘hooking’ the public Roadmap committee #10 has focused on: –Importance of E/PO to achievement of Exploration Vision –Identification of unique E/PO opportunities associated with SSSC science –Articulation of challenges and recommendations for effective E/PO –Close up look at role national science education standards can play in effectively connecting NASA’s content to formal education

31. Education and Public Outreach Sun-Solar System Science Goals Living with a star  Studying the Sun to learn about stars  Interconnected, dynamic systems  Role of Solar variability in Earth’s climate Space Weather - Earth  Analogy with terrestrial weather/climate  Conditions changing all the time  Need for situational awareness  Concept of Geospace Space Weather - Exploration  Predict environmental conditions in space; protecting space explorers Dynamic environment – will require situational awareness Magnetism  Invisible force: “seeing the invisible”  Magnetism vs. gravity; significance of magnetism in Solar System and Universe  Magnetic shields and planetary habitability for Earth, Moon, Mars  Electromagnetic Spectrum Plasma  Solid-liquid-gas-plasma: “common” states of matter depend on where you are in the Universe Exploration TechnologiesPropulsion systems  Solar panels versus solar sails for space travel Nature of Sun-Solar System Science Tools, technologies, scientific methods  Suborbital rocket-based experiments/observations (it really is rocket science)  Direct, satellite-based measurements of space, immediate (we "go to space")  Large, high-resolution data sets, powerful images  Modeling, visualization, simulation key to science Solar Events Opportunities for Public Engagement  Eclipses  Transits  Auroras  Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, solar storms Topics unique and/or central to Sun-Solar System Connection

32. Education and Public Outreach ChallengesRecommendations E/PO efforts vary widely across NASA. This is disadvantage for both PIs and for audiences. PIs are often in the position of inventing their own E/PO programs, products and activities; and audiences need to constantly learn anew how to take advantage of these efforts Generate uniform, templated product lines with themed content for use by the press and other communications outlets, museums, science centers and other informal settings, and schools The formal, K-12 science education system needs strong connections with NASA’s scientific, engineering and technological enterprises if it is going to play sufficient role in preparing the STEM workforce required to implement and achieve the Exploration Vision Correlate NASA’s activities, enterprise-wide, with National Science Standards (National Science Education Standards of the NRC, and Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy, Project 2061) to develop a roadmap for infusing NASA resources into the formal K-12 system. Develop templates for products, programs and professional development that, combined with the roadmap, effectively connect NASA’s ongoing, authentic activities to classrooms to inspire and motivate educators and learners * Broad dissemination is required to achieve impact. Requiring individual PIs and Missions to create and sustain their own dissemination channels can be burdensome and lessen impact Expand existing, and develop new centrally supported channels for dissemination that mission and research-based E/PO can use to reach full range of audiences E/PO investments are not maximized due to lack of sustained support and dissemination Make sustained investment over time in dissemination of Web-based formats dissemination of NASA materials: use of best-practice templates to create the materials will facilitate maintaining currency Not enough undergraduates are opting for physics- based careers in particular and STEM careers in general Focus more on supporting K-16 science education, integrate cutting edge Sun-Solar System Connection topics (in addition to other relevant NASA content) into undergraduate physics courses Keeping the public informed will be key to implementation and achievement of the Exploration Vision Outreach, not advertisement, is necessary. Develop better coordination between Public Affairs and Outreach and Education to conduct timely outreach that educates the public about NASA’s activities and achievements, with appropriate emphasis on risk

33. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration Activities Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

34. Sun-Solar System Connection Science Objectives: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects … Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium Understand the Nature of Our Home in Space Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields Safeguard Our Outbound Journey Maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers by developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space

35. Sun-Solar System Connection Science for Life and Society Users of SSSC science information NASA & partner producers of SSSC science information  New Transformational Knowledge  Safe Transit  Future Scientists & Engineers Achievements Impacts ImplementationInvestigationsNational Goals  Decision Support Tools Science Questions  Space Weather Mitigation Opening the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understanding the nature of our home in space Safeguarding our outbound journey Predict solar activity and release Understand production of radiation throughout system Understand coupling of astrophysical systems Forecast conditions throughout the heliosphere Predict climate change Evolution of planetary habitability Activity on other stars Situational awareness of the space environment Ensure safe surface operations at Mars First direct samples of the interstellar medium  Sample vast range with frequent small observatories  Utilize low-cost extended missions to gain solar system scale understanding - Great Observatory “sensor web”  Disseminate data for environmental modeling via distributed Virtual Observatories  Strategic missions planned for critical scientific exploration and for critical space weather understanding  Select low-cost opportunity missions for fast response as knowledge changes

36. Sun Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report April 15, 2005 External and Internal Factors Roadmap Objectives and Research Focus Areas Implementation Integration Activities Education and Public Outreach Roadmap Summary Other Information

37. Status of Roadmap Activities First Draft Second Draft Final Draft NRC update to Space Physics Decadal SurveySep. 2004 Solar Sail technology workshopSep. 28-29, 2004 Roadmap foundation team meetingOct. 5-6, 2004 Advisory Committee review of progressNov. 3-5, 2004 Community-led imaging technology workshopNov. 9-10, 2004 Community-wide roadmap workshop Nov. 16-17, 2004 Roadmap foundation team meetingNov. 18-19, 2004 Roadmap foundation team meetingJan. 19-21, 2005 Update to NRC Space Studies Board CSSPFeb. 8, 2005 SRM#10 committee meeting #1Feb. 10-11, 2005 Half-day bilateral meetings with other US Government agenciesLate Feb/Early March Advisory Committee review of progressFebruary 28-March 2 SMD International Strategic Conference on Roadmaps March 8-10 SRM #10 committee meeting #2March 15-16 Roadmap foundation team meetingMarch 16-18 Advisory Committee review of progressMarch 30-April 1 SRM #10 committee teleconferenceApril 13 Roadmap foundation team meetingMay 10-11 SRM #10 committee meeting #3May 12-13 Roadmap review by the National AcademyJune 1

38. Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap Committee Ex Officio members: Donald Anderson (Science Mission Directorate) Dick Fisher (Science Mission Directorate) Rosamond Kinzler (American Museum of Natural History) Mark Weyland (Space Radiation Analysis Group, JSC) Michael Wargo (Exploration Systems Mission Directorate) Al Shafer (Office of the Secretary of Defense) Systems Engineers: John Azzolini (GSFC) Tim Van Sant (GSFC) NASA HQ Co-Chair: Al Diaz (NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate) Center Co-chair: Tom Moore (NASA GSFC) External Co-chair: Tim Killeen (National Center for Atmospheric Research) Directorate Coordinator: Barbara Giles (NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate) APIO Coordinator: Azita Valinia (NASA GSFC) Committee Members: Scott Denning (Colorado State University) Jeffrey Forbes (Univ of Colorado) Stephen Fuselier (Lockheed Martin) William Gibson (Southwest Research Institute) Don Hassler (Southwest Research Institute) Todd Hoeksema (Stanford Univ.) Craig Kletzing (Univ. Of Iowa) Edward Lu (NASA/JSC) Victor Pizzo (NOAA) James Russell (Hampton University) James Slavin (NASA GSFC) Michelle Thomsen (LANL) Warren Wiscombe (NASA GSFC)

39. External Partnerships Partnership Forums: International Living with a Star International Heliophysical Year Enabling Space Weather Predictions for the International Space Environment Service Current Partnership Missions: Ulysses (ESA) SoHO (ESA) Cluster (ESA) Geotail (JAXA) Solar-B (JAXA) International Space Environment Service NOAA / World Warning Agency in Boulder

40. Roadmap Committee Mission Selection Identify Mission advocate Define Payload Orbit Design Spacecraft Conceptual Design Launch vehicle Selection Mission timeline and operations Specify Scientific Objectives Study duration Note: frequent interaction between the science and engineering teams is critical to quality mission design Complete mission design Preliminary concept report to committee with redirection as necessary Program Feasibility: Mission Study Process SSSC Theme Technologist convened temporary mission study teams at JPL and GSFC Because SSSC missions can be challenging to develop, the planning process necessarily includes careful study of mission feasibility and cost envelope. Potential mission concepts carried over from 2003 Roadmap (LWS, STP, Vision Missions, etc.) 12 new, or updated, mission concept studies completed March, 2005 Final mission priorities, by program line, to be finalized at May roadmap meeting

41. NASA’s goal for future space plasma research within its Sun-Solar System Connection programs is to understand the causes of space weather by studying the Sun, the heliosphere and planetary environments as a single, connected system.

42. Sun-Solar System Connection Strategic Roadmap #10 Interim Report End