1. Health Psychology Leah Bray Chapter 3: Seeking Health Care

2. I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors Health Belief Model Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behavior Precaution Adoption Process Model Transtheoretical Model

3. Health Belief Model Susceptibility to disease __________ of disease Benefits of behaviors Barriers to behaviors

4. Problems Perceived health risks Level of optimism Perceived personal control Ethnic background

5. Theory of Reasoned Action Attitude toward behavior Subjective norm DFN: perception of social pressure Motivation to comply __________ ___-immediate determinant

6. Problems Ignores: Ethnicity SES Access to health care

7. Theory of Planned Behavior Theory of Reasoned Action + Perceived __________

8. Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein’s) 7 stages: __________ aware but believe not at risk (optimistic bias) accept personal risk & idea of precaution

9. Precaution Adoption (cont.) action (believe action is unnecessary) made changes maintain changes

10. Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska’s) 5 stages of behavior change: precontemplation contemplation preparation action ______________

11. Model Weaknesses Behavior determined by other factors Consistent, accurate measurement tools __________ Models predict behavior for one disorder, not another

12. Weaknesses (cont.) Barriers beyond understanding of researchers Not everyone seeks medical care on their own (e.g., _______________, children, elderly)

13. Disease vs. Illness DFN: Disease- process of physical damage within the body; can exist w/o dx DFN: Illness- experience of being sick & dx as sick

14. II. Seeking Medical Attention DFN: Illness behavior = __________, determining health status DFN: Sick role behavior = __________, trying to get well

15. What Affects Pt Response? 1)Personal factors 2)Gender 3) ________ 4)Socioeconomic & cultural factors 5)Characteristics of sxs 6)Conceptualization of disease

16. Conceptualizing Illness (Leventhal) 5 components: ________________ Time course (of disease & tx) Cause

17. Conceptualizing (cont.) Consequence Controllability People feel less anxious & helpless when they __________

18. B. Sick Role Conceptualizations Segall’s rights & duties Right to make health decisions Right to be relieved of normal ______________________ Right to become dependent on others

19. Segall’s Duties Duty to maintain health & get well Duty to perform routine health care management Duty to use health ______________ Ideal, not realistic

20. Access to Health Care Medicare- Americans over 65 Medicaid- low income, physical probs. Poor people- < likely to ______ healthcare > likely to have chronic prob. < willing to seek care b/c of $

21. C. Choosing a Practitioner What’s important? __________

23. What has Changed? Outpatient vs. Inpatient (gallblader removal, ECT, IV drug therapy) Hospital stays shorter-save $$ Better technology Patients express concern

24. III. Being in the Hospital A. The Hospitalized Patient Role Nonperson Tx = ________________

25. Lack of info Leventhal’s 5 Loss of control ______________= every aspect of person’s life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping, schedule)

26. “Good” vs. “Bad” Patient Good: quiet submissive obedient Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff may miss info

27. Bad: demanding insist on __________ aware of rights Pros: may be a psych. healthy response, better informed Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry & ignoring

28. Stressful Medical Procedures- Coping Information Relaxation Training __________ __-especially effective for children