1. © OECD/IEA 2010 Milou Beerepoot IEA perspective for geothermal energy

2. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Geothermal energy..as we know it Kamchatka geyers

3. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Geothermal energy…has more to offer 170.000 buildings in Paris heated by geothermal energy in district heating, with more to follow..

4. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Geothermal energy…could offer silver bullet in future? Source: animation from Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), US DOE/www.eere.energy.gov Advanced geothermal technology: EGS

5. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Geothermal heat and power today 121.7 50.1 Total capacity (GW el ), (GW th ) and produced energy (TWh el ), (TWh th ) 2009 Source: (W. Weiss, 2010) complemented with geothermal heat from (Lund, 2010)

6. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Roadmap vision of geothermal power production by region (TWh/y) Geothermal electricity capacity could reach 200 gigawatts by 2050, providing 1400 TWh per year (3.5% of electricity production)

7. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Growth of geothermal power capacities by technology (GW) Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) plays an important role in the roadmap vision for geothermal energy

8. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Roadmap vision of direct use of geothermal heat by region (EJ/y) Geothermal heat could contribute to 5.8 EJ per year by 2050, (3.9% of final energy for heat), excluding ground source heat pumps

9. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Technological challenges Development of advanced technologies (e.g. EGS) is essential to realize roadmap vision Improving EGS technology and address environmental issues is crucial Geological data and potential mapping needed Drilling risks and costs complicate geothermal development Geothermal should benefit from its potential to offer both power and heat

10. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Economic challenges High temperature hydrothermal (e.g. renewables obligations) can already compete Some lower temperature hydrothermal needs (financial) policy support Insufficient policy incentives for geothermal direct heat, e.g. geothermal district heating EGS needs substantial RD&D investments

11. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Non-economic challenges More awareness is needed of full range of geothermal resources available and of possible applications, especially geothermal heat Geothermal exploration risks increase costs: lack of risk mitigation schemes EGS technology needs to move forward in order to realize its promise. Moreover, social acceptance is crucial In some developing countries, additional efforts are needed to unlock huge potential

12. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Potential for geothermal in Russia/CIS Geothermal power today (2010): Geothermal heat today (2010): 2010Capacity - MW e Production – Gwh e /yr Russia82441 2010Capacity - MW th Production – GWh th /yr Russia3081 707 Georgia25183 Ukraine1133 Tajikistan315 Belarus39 Armenia14

13. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Final energy demand in Russia Final energy demand for heat in Russia/CIS offers huge savings potential -> geothermal medium temperature heat matches with building sector & agriculture heat demand

14. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Low and medium temp geothermal heat potential in Russia/CIS? Max prod. temp. ⁰ C Source: www.thermogis.nl/worldaquifer Aquifers offer considerable potential for low and medium temp geothermal heat in CIS

15. © OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2010 Conclusions geothermal in Russia/CIS Geothermal is more than power production from high temperature hydrothermal resources Geothermal can offer both power and heat Geothermal (low and medium temperature) heat to be found in numerous aquifers in CIS Increased (political) awareness for addressing heat and alternative (renewable) heat sources could unlock geothermal heat potential Mapping of geothermal potential - improving and expanding geological datasets – helps development