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Eating Disorders Two Main Types Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Largely a Caucasian Problem Largely a Female Problem Largely a Westernized Problem Largely an Upper SES Problem Serious Medical Problems, Including Death!
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Bulimia Nervosa Bingeing Sense of Lack of Control Compensatory Behavior Subtypes Purging Nonpurging
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Anorexia Nervosa Fear of Gaining Weight and/or Losing Control of Eating Deliberate Weight Loss 85% of Normal Body Weight Life-Threatening Consequences Two Subtypes Restricting Bingeing-Purging
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Bulimia and Anorexia Causes? Social and Cultural Factors Thinness Equals Success Distorted View Has Increased Over Time Media Sets Impossible Idealized Images
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Bulimia and Anorexia Causes? Psychological and behavioral considerations Low sense of personal control and self-confidence Perfectionistic attitudes Distorted body image Preoccupation with food Mood intolerance
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Bulimia and Anorexia Causes? Familial Successful and Driven Concerned about Appearances Eager to Maintain Harmony Deny or Ignore Conflicts Lack of Open Communication
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Bulimia and Anorexia Causes? Biological Influences Runs in Families Unclear What is Inherited Psychological Influences Diminished Sense of Control Low Self-Esteem
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Treatment of Eating Disorders Medical Treatments Bulimia Antidepressants can help reduce bingeing and purging behavior Antidepressants are not efficacious in the long-term Anorexia There are none with demonstrated efficacy
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Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa Psychosocial treatments Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Is the treatment of choice Basic components of CBT Interpersonal psychotherapy Results in long-term gains similar to CBT
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Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Goals and Strategies Weight restoration First and easiest goal to achieve Psychoeducation Behavioral and cognitive interventions Target food, weight, body image, thought and emotion Treatment often involves the family Long-term prognosis for anorexia is poorer than for bulimia
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Binge-Eating Disorder Experimental diagnostic category Engage in food binges, but do not engage in compensatory behaviors Associated Features Many individuals with binge-eating disorder are obese Most are older than bulimic and anorexic people Show more psychopathology than obese people who do not binge Share similar concerns as anorexic and bulimic people regarding body shape and weight
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Other Eating Disorders Rumination Disorder Pica Feeding Disorder “Failure to Thrive Syndrome” Obesity – Not an eating disorder, but a major health problem, especially in the US (could be in previous chapter)
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