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Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2
Remote Sensing 2.3
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Latitude and Longitude – 2.1
Objectives Compare & contrast latitude & longitude Describe how time zones vary
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Cartography Science of mapmaking
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Locating objects on a sphere
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude (Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and tell how far North or South an object is
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole
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Practice Problem 1 The Earth’s circumference is about km. There are 360º in a circle. What is the distance between degrees? km
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole Each latitude line is 111km
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Locating objects on a sphere
Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole Each latitude line is 111km Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds. 1 º = 60’ 1’ = 60”
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Locating objects on a sphere
Longitude These are ‘long’. They go up and down and tell how far East or West an object is
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Locating objects on a sphere
Longitude Travel through the poles
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Locating objects on a sphere
Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel
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Locating objects on a sphere
Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes through Greenwich, England
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Locating objects on a sphere
Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes through Greenwich, England On the opposite side of the globe the prime meridian is the International date line.
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Practice Problem 2 What is the distance between longitude degrees?
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Time Zones
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Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones
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Practice Problem 3 How many degrees for each time zone? (Remember there is a total of 360º)
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Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones
The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted
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Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones
The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between
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Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones
The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar day
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Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones
The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar day When you cross this East you move the calendar back a day
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The End
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Types of Maps – 2.2 Objectives
Compare and contrast different map projections Analyze topographic maps Describe map characteristics, such as map scales and legends
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections
Map with parallel lines of latitude and longitude It distorts shapes
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Mercator Projection
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections
Made by projecting points and lines onto a cone Some object not distorted
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Conic Projection
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections
Gnomonic Projections Made by projecting points and lines to paper that touches globe at single point
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Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections
Gnomonic Projections Made by projecting points and lines to paper that touches globe at single point Useful for navigation
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Gnomonic Projection
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Types of Maps Topographic Maps
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Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines
900 Drawn through places at the same elevation
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Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines Index contours
900 Labeled contour lines.
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Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines Index contours
Depression contour lines have hachures
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Other features Map Legends Gives names of map features
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Other features Map Legends Map Scales
Tells ratio of map distances to real distances
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Practice Problem 4 What is the distance from Buffalo to Albany?
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The End
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Remote Sensing – 2.3 Objectives
Compare & contrast the different forms of radiation in the EM spectrum Describe how satellites and sonar are used to map Earth’s surface Describe the Global Positioning System
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On-site observations You go to the location you want to map
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On-site observations Remote sensing
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On-site observations Remote sensing Satellites are often used
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On-site observations Remote sensing Satellites are often used
The electromagnetic spectrum is used, too
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Long waves Short waves Radio waves Infra-red Ultra-violet Gamma rays Micro-waves Visible X-rays
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Satellites
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Satellites Landsat Satellites
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Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light
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Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light
measures light radiated by Earth’s surface
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Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light
measures light radiated by Earth’s surface useful for comparisons of landforms over time
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Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light
measures light radiated by Earth’s surface useful for comparisons of landforms over time images
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Black Hills Fire
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Mississippi Delta
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New Orleans – before & after
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Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite
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Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves
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Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves
looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor
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Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves
looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor studies tides and currents
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Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves
looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor studies tides and currents images
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Southeastern US
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Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS)
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Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS)
24 satellites working together
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Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS)
24 satellites working together uses microwaves
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Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS)
24 satellites working together uses microwaves used primarily for navigation
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Ship based technology Sea Beam
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Ship based technology Sea Beam uses sonar
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Ship based technology Sea Beam uses sonar maps the ocean floor
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