1. Sedimentology & Stratigraphy

2. Sedimentary Petrology
Sedimentology
The study of the processes that erode, transport and deposit sediments
Sedimentary Petrology
The study of the characteristics and origin of sedimentary rocks.
Stratigraphy
The study of the origin, relationship, and extent of rock layers (strata).

3. Sedimentary Rocks on Earth
Shale
Sandstone
Siltstone
Conglom.
Limestone

4. What do Sedimentary Rocks Record?
Lithification
Deposition
Transport
Sedimentary Rocks
Erosion
Metamorphism
Weathering
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Crystallization
Melting
Magma

5. What do Sedimentary Rocks Record?
Source (Provenance) of sediment
Erosion and Transport Agent
Depositional Environment
Paleogeography/Tectonic Setting
Diagenesis (what happened after deposition)

6. Rock Identification is based on:
Composition What minerals make up the rock?
Texture What is the shape, size and orientation of the mineral grains that make up the rock? Major Difference: Crystalline vs. Clastic

7. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Detrital
Chemical
Organic
Clastic
Texture
Crystalline

8. Detrital Rock Composition
Detrital Rocks
Lithic Fragments
Quartz
Clay Minerals
Fossil Fragments
Rust Minerals
Orthoclase
Muscovite / Biotite

9. Note About Sediment Composition: Weathering
The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by:
Mechanical & Chemical Weathering

10. Mechanical Weathering

11. Chemical Weathering

12. Mineral Stability

13. Products of Weathering
Lithic (Rock) Fragments (granite, basalt,schist, etc.)
Dissolved Ions (Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, etc.)
Rust Minerals (Hematite, Goertite, etc.)
Clay Minerals (Bentonite, Montmorillonite, etc.)
Residual Minerals (Quartz, Orthoclase, Muscovite, etc.)

14. Interpretation of Composition
Detrital Rocks:
Source of Sediment (Provenance)
Exposure to Weathering (Distance of Transport) (Type of Climate)

15. Note About What Causes Detrital Rock Color
Grain Size Smaller is often darker
Composition Carbon - black or brown Quartz - tan, clear, white Orthoclase - orange
Depositional Environment Iron on land - red Iron in deep, oxygen poor water - green