2. 1 RFID technology for automatic payment Performed by: Teb David Krelshtein Leonid Supervisor: Michael Itzkovitz. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל הפקולטה להנדסת חשמל Technion - Israel institute of technology department of Electrical Engineering Final presentation

3. 2 Supplying solution to security problem of computerized cart by using RFID technology המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory Project Goals Supermarket cart Products RFID READER RFID TAG Barcode MILK 5%

4. 3 Project Goals Implementation Security in Computerized Supermarket cart by monitoring of purchased products: Addition of RFID Reader to the cart Addition of RFID Reader to the cart Addition of RFID Tags to the products Addition of RFID Tags to the products המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

5. Customer Interface Diagram המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory Scanner RFID READER LCD User guide KEYPAD

6. 5 Implementation Block Diagram המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory TI C5402 DSK – Evaluation Platform DSP Based C++ Program RFID reader interface Expansion Glue-Logic Controller UART & Control logic Peripherals Board Routing interrupt Customer Interface

7. 6 Security Algorithm 1. Customer wants to buy some product. 2. He scans product and puts it into the cart. 3. RFID reader detects inserted product. 4. If there are more read RFID tags than barcodes, then there is a security problem! Customer just trying to steal product! (or maybe he just forgot to scan it…) Customer just trying to steal product! (or maybe he just forgot to scan it…) המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

8. 7 Security Algorithm Implementation DSP program keeps tracking about amount of RFID tags, that have been detected, vs. amount of barcodes, that been scanned. DSP program keeps tracking about amount of RFID tags, that have been detected, vs. amount of barcodes, that been scanned. Each product in the supermarket have an RFID tag with unique ID number. Each product in the supermarket have an RFID tag with unique ID number. Program maintains two lists: one for barcodes, and one for RFID tags. Program maintains two lists: one for barcodes, and one for RFID tags. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

9. 8 Security Algorithm Implementation (Cont.) When product is scanned “in”, his barcode is added to barcodes’ list. When product is scanned “in”, his barcode is added to barcodes’ list. When product is scanned “out”, his barcode is removed from the barcodes’ list. When product is scanned “out”, his barcode is removed from the barcodes’ list. Every 5 – 10 minutes, and at the end of shopping, RFID reader performs detection of all products in the cart. Every 5 – 10 minutes, and at the end of shopping, RFID reader performs detection of all products in the cart. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

10. 9 Security Algorithm Implementation (Cont.) After reader detected all products, program compares 2 lists’ lengths (tags vs. barcodes). After reader detected all products, program compares 2 lists’ lengths (tags vs. barcodes). If there are more tags, then customer gets warnings about the problem, through LCD display. If there are more tags, then customer gets warnings about the problem, through LCD display. If there are more barcodes, than customer probably forgot to scan product, before removing it. If there are more barcodes, than customer probably forgot to scan product, before removing it. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

11. 10 System Block Diagram המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory RFID

12. 11 RFID BASICS המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory RFID system build from 3 components: RFID system build from 3 components: 1. READER 2. TRANSPONDER 3. HOST COMPUTER HOST COMPUTER RS-232

13. 12 המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory RFID READER RFID reader is used to activate passive tag with RF energy and to extract information from the tag. RFID reader is used to activate passive tag with RF energy and to extract information from the tag. The reader includes RF transmission, receiving and data decoding sections. In addition, the reader includes a serial communication (RS-232) capability to communicate with the host computer. The reader includes RF transmission, receiving and data decoding sections. In addition, the reader includes a serial communication (RS-232) capability to communicate with the host computer.

14. 13 The word transponder, derived from TRANSmitter/resPONDER, reveals the function of the device. The tag responds to a transmitted or communicated request for the data it carries, the mode of communication between the reader and the tag being by wireless means across the space or air interface between the two. The transponder includes ROM-based memory that is used to store security data. The antenna circuit of tag is made of LC resonant circuit or E-field dipole antenna, depending on the carrier frequency. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory Integrated Circuit Antenna RFID TRANSPONDER

15. 14 Frequency Bands and Applications המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory Frequency Band CharacteristicsTypical Applications Low 100-500 kHz Short to medium read range inexpensive low reading speed Access control Animal identification Inventory control Car immobiliser Intermediate 10-15 MHz Short to medium read range potentially inexpensive medium reading speed Access control Smart cards High 850-950 MHz 2.4-5.8 GHz Long read range high reading speed line of sight required Expensive Railroad car monitoring Toll collection systems

16. 15 Recent RFID applications Automatic retail fueling system Automatic retail fueling system Automatic consumer recognition המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

17. 16 Recent RFID applications Parking Access Control Applications Parking Access Control Applications המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory Animal tracking (Anything That Moves)

18. 17 Recent RFID applications Customer loyalty Customer loyalty Anti-theft immobilization המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

19. 18 RFID reader for this project Requirements for RFID reader to this application: Frequency 13.56 MHz. Frequency 13.56 MHz. Anti-collision protocol. Anti-collision protocol. Low read range – up to 2 meters. Low read range – up to 2 meters. Small size – 10cm x 7cm x 2cm. Small size – 10cm x 7cm x 2cm. Low weight – up to 100gr. Low weight – up to 100gr. Low price. Low price. Possible RFID reader that matches this requirements is S6350 Midrange Reader Module (Texas Instruments) המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

20. 19 RFID tags for this project Requirements for tags this application: Frequency 13.56 MHz. Frequency 13.56 MHz. Passive (no battery). Passive (no battery). Thin and flexible. Thin and flexible. Easily converted to paper or plastic labels. Easily converted to paper or plastic labels. Sufficient amount of memory. 20 bits is enough. Sufficient amount of memory. 20 bits is enough. Price less then 0.5$ and decrease from day to day. Price less then 0.5$ and decrease from day to day. Possible tags that matches this requirements is: RI-I01-112A or RI-I03-110A (Texas Instruments) המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

21. 20 Hardware Specification C5402 Evaluation Board (DSK) C5402 Evaluation Board (DSK) Daughter Board Daughter Board Memory Expansion Memory Expansion Altera FLEX30K10A Altera FLEX30K10A RS-232 Port ( RFID I/F ) RS-232 Port ( RFID I/F ) RFID Reader RFID Reader המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

22. 21 Peripherals board Layout המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory RFID reader connection

23. 22 FPGA Controller Block Diagram המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory DSP INTERFACE LCDCONTROLLER KEYPAD CONTROLLER GLUELOGIC RS-232 CORE MEMORYCONTROLLER RS-232 CORE CHANGED

24. 23 UART Unit The UART Unit consists of 2 components: 1. An Altera UART CORE (Black box). 2. Glue logic that implementing the following tasks: 1. Initialize the core. 2. Handle various error situation. 3. Implements write protocol to the core. 4. Asserts and handles interrupt signal as needed. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

25. 24 Update of bus controller Bus controller was modified, in order to avoid bus contention, when driving data from UART to external memory. Bus controller was modified, in order to avoid bus contention, when driving data from UART to external memory. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

26. 25 Interrupt routing Interrupt was routed from UART block to DSP, in order to send signal to DSP, when UART received data from RFID reader. Interrupt was routed from UART block to DSP, in order to send signal to DSP, when UART received data from RFID reader. INT3 was used for this target, when it was actually the only available one for use. INT3 was used for this target, when it was actually the only available one for use. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

27. 26 Memory considerations There are 2 banks of 256K words of external RAM on the daughter board. There are 2 banks of 256K words of external RAM on the daughter board. All program code run from on-chip memory. All program code run from on-chip memory. Every entry in product list restricted by 100 bytes. Every entry in product list restricted by 100 bytes. Every entry in RFID list restricted by 10 bytes. Every entry in RFID list restricted by 10 bytes. Maximum number of products in cart is: 256K*2(bytes))/(10+100) = 4500 Maximum number of products in cart is: 256K*2(bytes))/(10+100) = 4500 המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

28. 27 DSP Software Next features were added to the code: Next features were added to the code:  Interrupt handler for RFID reader.  Interrupt handler for timer(security algorithm).  Data structure for RFID data. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

29. Software Flow Interrupt Table Timer InterruptScanner InterruptKeyboard InterruptRFID Interrupt Interrupt Handlers Main program Main functions Server ComPort המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

30. 29 RFID Software flow chart המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory End Scanning Set Timer1 Timer1 interrupt Enable RFID scanning RFID read data from tag RFID send int3 to DSP RFID send data to DSP Inserting data to linked list Already read this TAG? YES NO Scanning time is over? NO YES

31. 30 Major debug issues Problems using Synplify instead of Leonardo. Problems using Synplify instead of Leonardo. Memory mapping problem: program code filled almost all available code section of memory, so there was a problem to add even few code lines. Memory mapping problem: program code filled almost all available code section of memory, so there was a problem to add even few code lines. This problem was solved This problem was solved by re-mapping of by re-mapping of memory sections. memory sections. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

32. 31 Major debug issues Problem with RFID reader: supplied reader didn’t worked appropriately, so host computer’s HyperTerminal port has been used to simulate RFID reader (because both of them use RS-232 protocol). Problem with RFID reader: supplied reader didn’t worked appropriately, so host computer’s HyperTerminal port has been used to simulate RFID reader (because both of them use RS-232 protocol). In order to improve debug ability In order to improve debug ability Bluetooth was disconnected, but before final ramp up system has been tested with bluetooth. Bluetooth was disconnected, but before final ramp up system has been tested with bluetooth. המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

33. 32 Future improvements Managing all products’ information through RFID reader only (upgrade from barcodes to RFID tags), because every tag can store much more information than barcode. Managing all products’ information through RFID reader only (upgrade from barcodes to RFID tags), because every tag can store much more information than barcode. Add credit card scanner, which will transmit the total sum and the credit card number. This will eliminate the queue time. Add credit card scanner, which will transmit the total sum and the credit card number. This will eliminate the queue time. Add a scale for fruits and vegetables. Add a scale that will check if the scanner product matches its weight Add a scale for fruits and vegetables. Add a scale that will check if the scanner product matches its weight המעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות High speed digital systems laboratory

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