1. Sedentism Definition: Living permanently in one place Factors that increase sedentism:  Emergence of agriculture  Areas that are rich in natural resources  Larger nuclear family unit (consequence)  Permanent shelter (eg: cave)

2. Before Emergence Agriculture Overall more movement:  Movement with the seasons  Movement with the herds of animals Smaller families/or groups of peopleSmaller families/or groups of people Increased variety in dietIncreased variety in diet Less diseaseLess disease

3. Domesticating Agriculture Consequences: ‡Dependency on fewer plants ‡Greater vulnerability to weather ‡Complete dependency on harvest times ‡Need for intense physical labor ‡Need for storing and preservation of food ‡Increase in infectious disease

4. Infectious disease Closely related with Population growthClosely related with Population growth It is difficult to maintain a clean & healthy living spaceIt is difficult to maintain a clean & healthy living space Humans also share diseases with domesticated animalsHumans also share diseases with domesticated animals Clustering of humans & animals into confined spaces is a breading ground for infectious diseaseClustering of humans & animals into confined spaces is a breading ground for infectious disease Eventually natural selection would help develop immunities to specific pathogens that plagued the agricultural revolution

5. Weather Before not a huge concern  move with the seasons Now as a result much more vulnerable Large nuclear families make it difficult to move with the seasonsLarge nuclear families make it difficult to move with the seasons Bad weather also was a contributor to sickness and diseaseBad weather also was a contributor to sickness and disease

6. Dependency on fewer plants Made agriculture a huge gamble Made agriculture a huge gamble Increase dependency on weather/certain weather conditions favor specific crops Increase dependency on weather/certain weather conditions favor specific crops Communities find themselves betting their lives on the weather patterns (e.g.: rainfall) Communities find themselves betting their lives on the weather patterns (e.g.: rainfall) As a result making early agriculture much more of a gamble than hunting and gathering As a result making early agriculture much more of a gamble than hunting and gathering

7. Harvest Times Complete dependency on the harvest timesComplete dependency on the harvest times Agriculturalists, to survive, gathered their food 1-3 harvest times in a yearAgriculturalists, to survive, gathered their food 1-3 harvest times in a year Nothing could interrupt the harvest (e.g.: war/epidemic)Nothing could interrupt the harvest (e.g.: war/epidemic)

8. Storing Produce Since harvest season is 1-3 times in a year food must be stored away for continual useSince harvest season is 1-3 times in a year food must be stored away for continual use Reasons/Considerations for storage:  Protection from moisture  Animals  Thieves  Process of distribution of food so that there is enough between harvest times to survive

9. Physical Labor Increase in intensive manual labor/several times of the year There is a vast difference between hunting/gathering & agriculture Labor of both women and men was required in the fields These conditions enhanced individual discipline

10. Population Growth Mobile hunters/gatherer groups have to limit reproduction, this lifestyle does not allow large familiesMobile hunters/gatherer groups have to limit reproduction, this lifestyle does not allow large families On the other hand agricultural communities do not have this amount of mobilityOn the other hand agricultural communities do not have this amount of mobility More children in agricultural community the better: more hands to work in the fieldsMore children in agricultural community the better: more hands to work in the fields As a result there is a tendency for larger familiesAs a result there is a tendency for larger families

11. Technology Earliest phase  Stone axe  Hoe (left)  Sickle (left) All tools used in preparation of fields & harvesting grains

12. Technology A primitive milling device for grinding seeds between two stones “quern” (right)A primitive milling device for grinding seeds between two stones “quern” (right) This would process the grain into edible formThis would process the grain into edible form Used for thousands of years by people who collected seeds but did not plant themUsed for thousands of years by people who collected seeds but did not plant them

13. Conclusion In conclusion domestication of agriculture was a large step for native peoplesIn conclusion domestication of agriculture was a large step for native peoples It increased sedentism, which increased populationIt increased sedentism, which increased population Domestication encouraged the development of social & individual disciplineDomestication encouraged the development of social & individual discipline These changes molded humans & human society in new waysThese changes molded humans & human society in new ways