1. RETScreen® Heating and Cooling Projects
Insulated Pipes for District Heating
Water-cooled chiller
Photo : Wikipedia
Photo : Wikipedia

2. Overview of Heating and Cooling Projects
Solar water heating, apartment in Uganda
Absorption chiller
Photo: Solar Construct Ltd.
Photo: Sanyo Electric Co.
District heating for the city of Copenhagen
Ground-source heat pump, single-family home
Sanyo Hot Water-fired Absorption Chiller, 30 to 135 Tonnes/105 to 475 kW cooling. Supply water at 88 degrees Celsius. Electricity supply 5.4 kVA.
District heating, Copenhagen
The Copenhagen district heating system is one of the world’s largest, oldest and most successful, supplying 97 per cent of the city with clean, reliable and affordable heating. Set up by five mayors in 1984, the system simply captures waste heat from electricity production, normally released into the sea, and channels it back through pipes into peoples’ homes. The system cuts household bills by €1,400 annually and has saved the Copenhagen district the equivalent of 203,000 tonnes of oil every year: that’s 665,000 tonnes of CO2.
Kitante Apartments, Kampala Uganda
Photo: Reynaers/Greenpeace

3. Heating Technologies Boiler Furnace Thermal fluid heater
Heating with biomass
Heat pump
Waste heat recovery unit
Solar water heater
Solar air heater

4. Cooling Technologies Requiring a source of power: Heat pump Compressor
Vapour
Compression
Cooling
Free
Requiring a source of power:
Heat pump
Compressor
Requiring cool weather:
Free cooling

5. Cooling Technologies (cont.)
Requiring a source of heat:
Desiccant
Absorption
Absorption
Cooling
Desiccant
Cooling

6. Coal being transported, Ohio, USA
Types of Fuels
Heat from:
Fossil Fuels (Coal, Diesel, Natural Gas, Propane, Gasoline, Oil, etc.)
Biomass
Waste (tires, landfill gas, etc.)
Renewable “fuels” like solar and geothermal energy
Electricity
Coal being transported, Ohio, USA
Photo : Wikipedia
Coal being transported in Ohio, USA
A heating load or dessicant/absorption cooling load can use these fuels directly, or use waste heat from a power project utilizing these fuels

7. Base, Intermediate, and Peak Load Systems
Electric heating
Photo: Air & Water, Inc
Fire-tube boiler
Photo: FireCAD Technologies
HRSG
Fire-tube boiler, runs on a fossil-fuel
Photo: Babcock-Hitachi K.K.

8. Equipment Sizing On the Energy Model sheet: Base load system
Operates at or near capacity most of the time
Supplies majority of heating/cooling
Lowest operational costs
Equipment typically expensive
Peak load system
Operates only during times of peak demand
Supplies small fraction of heating/cooling
May have high operational costs
Equipment generally less expensive
Intermediate load system
Between base and peak load system
On the Energy Model sheet:

9. Heating and Cooling Projects with RETScreen
Steps:
Define Loads (Heating, cooling and power) + heating/cooling degree days for space heating/cooling
Base case characteristics + costs (heating, cooling)
Proposed case characteristics + costs (heating, cooling)
Operating Strategy
Summary (energy)
Emission analysis
Financial analysis

10. Types of Analyses Project Types: Heating Cooling
Combined Heating and Cooling

11. Load Characteristics Heating and Cooling Loads Space heating/cooling
Process heating/cooling
Combination space+process
Spatially-distributed loads:
Single building
Single building with multiple zones
Multiple buildings
Heating load
Cooling load
Graphics from the absorption cooling at La Guardia Office Building Case Study
Base case vs Proposed case

12. Important Parameters Heating System Seasonal efficiency Cooling System
Coefficient of Performance-seasonal
Power system providing waste heat (see CHP course)
Heat rate
Heat recovery efficiency
Eff. = 55 %
100 GJ
55 GJ
COP = 3.0
100 MWh
300 MWh

13. Emission & Financial Analysis
Method 1
Method 2

14. Example 1: Heating or Cooling
Project database (Case Studies): Heating – Boiler – Canada – Vancouver – Office
Simplified model
Compare medium and high efficiency boiler
Compare natural gas and oil
Project database (Case Studies): Cooling – Compressor – USA – Madison – Arena
Compare medium and high COP
Compare compressor with absorption cooling

15. Example 2: Heating & Cooling
Project Type: Cooling ⇒ Combined Heating & Cooling
Load & Network sheet appears
In Energy Model Sheet: Cooling system ⇒ Absorption
Now the fuel source is the heating system
Base Load System ⇒ Base + Intermediate + Peak Load System
Biomass as a low-cost source of heat

16. Questions?