1. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 1 Courtney Rogge Week 8: March 8 th, 2007 Power Group TV Nuclear Power System – with Shielding! Mars Crawler Nuclear Power Capabilities Earth Taxi, Mars Taxi, Electric Propulsion Systems, Sample Return, Mars Crawler

2. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 2 Transfer Vehicle Power Supply Solution from code ReactorSizing_Rogge.m by Courtney Rogge and shielding code by Mike Kowalkowski Configuration on TV Reactor inside Tank Truss Reduces Shielding needed Eliminates need for extended Truss Image provided by Matt Fox

3. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 3 Mars Crawler IMLEO and IVLEO Figure By Courtney Rogge 7 m 5 m 15 m

4. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 4 Backup Slides Thermoelectric Nuclear Power System (TE NPS) Mars Crawler Sample Return

5. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 5 Case Shielding ~70mt Donut “Shadow” Shield ~10mt Position on TV: –Reactor Core inside Tank Truss –Donut Shield against Truss Structure –Reduces Radiation Scatter toward Crew –Propellant Tanks made of Aluminum Al used as smaller scale radiation shielding Reduces radiation absorbed by propellant TE NPS Shielding Dilemma Image provided by Matt Fox

6. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 6 TE NPS Shielding Radiation Random Scatter Core Shadow Shield Radiation Blocked: “Shadow” Created “Shadow”

7. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 7 TE NPS Shielding Placing Reactor Behind Propellant Tanks: Conflicts with Engines Placing Reactor In Front of Propellant Tanks: Need Case Shielding to Protect Crew Radiation could scatter off of tanks and rebound back toward crew EnginesTVTanks

8. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 8 TE NPS Shielding Extra Truss Segment Total Core Needs Shielding: Case Shield HUGE mass penalty OPTION 1 OPTION 2

9. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 9 TE NPS Shielding Propellant Tanks Truss Structure OPTION 3: Selected Design

10. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 10 TE NPS Characteristics Assumptions for basic reactor characteristics based on Edwin Sayre, et al, Ref.1 & Alan Marriot, et al, Ref 2 & Kenneth Metcalf, et al, Ref 4

11. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 11 TE Nuclear Power System Technological Readiness: ready by 2020 Advantages –Less edge wear on TE converter than flat plate –No moving parts in converter and radiator systems Disadvantages –Low efficiency

12. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 12 Mars Crawler Design Concept Isometric Representation of Mars Crawler Figure By Jon Kubiak

13. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 13 Mars Crawler Capabilities 5km/h speed 10km range 12hrs continuous operation Lift 15mt tank to height of 20m Lift 17mt TC to height of 3m Drag HAB, fuel tanks to location

14. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 14 Mars Crawler Features Extendable Crane –20m extended length –11m stowed length –Used to lift fuel tanks and TC Auxiliary set of wheels –Attach to other vehicles –Used to drag other vehicles Bucket Loader on Front –Move Regolith –Hold regolith as counterbalance when using crane

15. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 15 Mars Crawler Technical Details Power Source: Fuel Cells Material: Aluminum Communication: 2 video feeds Operation: Autonomous Geometry: Flatbed Truck Style –Crane attached to bed –Horizontal Stabilizers on sides –6 wheels –Trailer Hitch

16. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 16 Mars Crawler Logistics 2 Crawlers Arrival –Crawler 1: Caprica (EP ship 1; syn. per. 1) –Crawler 2: Sagittaron (EP ship 2; syn. per. 4) Fuel for Power –H 2 O 2 : Arrives with ISPP1

17. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 17 Mars Crawler Mission Pre-launch OperationsLaunch to LEO Ferry to Mars on EP ship Land on Mars Surface Unload from Aeroshell Perform Mars Operations Retrieve empty stages from entry Assemble Mars Launch Vehicle Assemble Mars Taxi Lift Taxi Capsule onto Mars Taxi Refuel /Maintain Mars Crawler End of Operations Unload Cargo Drag fueled tanks to launch vehicle Initial / Single Time Mars Operations Drag empty tanks to ISPP unit for fueling Unload Sample Return Load Sample Return into TC Position Mars Habitats Gather empty stages from launch

18. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 18 Sample Return Concept Design CATIA models created by Steve Kassab

19. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 19 1)Sayre, Edwin D., Sam Vaidyanathan, “A Solid Core Heatpipe Reactor with Cylindrical Thermoelectric Converter Modules”, Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk, AIP, pp456-464. 2)Marriot, Alan, Toshio Fujita, “Evolution of SP-100 System Designs”, JPL, year (after 1992). 3)Lamarsh, John R., Anthony J. Barrata, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, Third Ed.. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001. 4)Metcalf, Kenneth J., “Lunar PMAD Technology Assessment”, NASA, 1992. 5)Ben Collins, Nuclear Engineering Senior, Purdue University. References

20. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 20 6) Spencer, Bruce W., Doctor, Richard D., Wade, David C., Peddicord, Kenneth Lee, Boardman, Charles, Marucci, Dr. Giuseppe, 'A Proposed Modular-Sized, Integrated Nuclear and Hydrogen-Based Energy Supply/Carrier System', International Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, 2000 7)Houts, Dr. Michael, Marshall Space Flight Center 8)Hrbud, Dr. Ivana, Astronautical Engineering Professor, Purdue University 9)Project Infinity: gamma and neutron flux References