3. TREATMENT BEFORE LOBOTOMY, ECT (SHOCK), COMA - NOW DRUGS CHANGE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF BRAIN CHANGE WHAT RECEPTORS ABSORB SO ELEVATE OR LOWER LEVELS OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN SYNAPSES

5. TREATMENTS ANTI-PSYCHOTICS LITHIUM FOR BIPOLAR PHENOTHIAZINES AND CLOZAPINE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA ILLNESS SPECIFIC

6. SSRI’S SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS - PROZAC, PAXIL, XOLOFT (LATE 1980’S)

8. SSRI’S UNLIKE OLDER DRUGS, SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO PREVENT REUPTAKE OF SEROTONIN NOT ILLNESS SPECIFIC (NOT “ANTI- DEPRESSANTS”)

10. HUGE GROWTH 10% OF ADULT POPULATION NOW TAKING AN SSRI 3 OF 7 BEST SELLING PRESCRIPTION DRUGS OF ANY KIND ARE SSRI’s 300% INCREASE IN PAST 10 YEARS IN NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS TAKING MEDICATION

11. ARE SSRI’S BETTER? NOT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN OLDER DRUGS FEWER NEGATIVE SIDE EFFECTS NOT ADDICTING LESS RISK OF OVERDOSE

12. ? ABOUT SSRI’S NOT MUCH BETTER THAN PLACEBOS FOR LESS SEVERE CONDITIONS LONG-TERM EFFECTS? ONLY ELIMINATE SYMPTOMS, NOT UNDERLYING PROBLEM? BETTER ALTERNATIVES? NOT GOOD FOR UNDER AGE 18?

14. STRENGTHS OF BIOLOGY BEST FOR PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BRAIN ADVANCES IN DRUG TREATMENTS FOR MANY CONDITIONS

16. 1. OVERSTATEMENTS MOST CONVINCING FOR PSYCHOSES LESS EVIDENCE FOR OTHERS ARE BRAIN STATES CAUSES OR EFFECTS OF M.I.? CAUSES CAN BE SOCIAL OR PSYCH AS WELL AS BIOLOGICAL

17. 2. GENES NOT DESTINY ONLY A MINORITY OF PEOPLE WITH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY DEVELOP DISORDER OFTEN NEED ENVIRONMENTAL PRECIPITANT ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPRESS - MORMONS AND ALCOHOLISM

18. 3. WHAT DOES A GENE DO? DIFFERENCE OF GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE (APPEARANCE) CULTURE CAN SHAPE PHENOTYPE E.G. ANOREXIA GENES MAY HAVE GENERAL, NOT SPECIFIC, EFFECTS

19. 4. MOST M.I. NOT GENETIC MOST PEOPLE WHO GET A DISORDER DO NOT HAVE GENETIC PROPENSITY TO THE DISORDER

20. SCHIZ. IN DENMARK THOSE WITH 1ST DEGREE RELATIVES HAVE 10x RATE OF SCHIZ BUT 90% OF PEOPLE WHO DO GET SCHIZ DON’T HAVE SCHIZ RELATIVES FAR MORE PEOPLE HAVE NO FAMILY HISTORY OF SCHIZ SO DESPITE LOWER % PRODUCE MORE CASES

21. CONCLUSION GENES AND BRAINS ARE IMPORTANT BUT, FAR FROM THE ENTIRE STORY AT PRESENT, INFLUENCE IS OVERSTATED