1. A reactive location-based service for geo-referenced individual data collection and analysis Xiujun Ma Department of Machine Intelligence, Peking University Zhongya Wei Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University Yanwei Chai Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Peking University Kunqing Xie Department of Machine Intelligence, Peking University

2. Contents Introduction Methodology The reactive LBS architecture Scenario and prototype testing in Beijing city Conclusion

3. Introduction Importance of data about human activities and movements in space-time Data collection methods –surveys, samples and synthetic data New possibility using mobile phone –location of mobile phones can be precisely tracked –the massive spread of mobile phones

4. Introduction Location based services: LBS –A Location Based Service is any product, service, or application that uses knowledge of a mobile subscriber’s location to offer value to the mobile subscriber or to a third party Difficulties of space-time data collection using LBS – personal privacy –LBS can not record what the user is doing at a particular time, the purpose of the activity or trip, and other activities…….

5. Introduction LBS taxonomy –Proactive LBS: passive and high privacy –Reactive LBS: active and low privacy Objectives of our work –reactive LBS to collect individual space-time data with other information about activities and movements –(1) to collect the actual location and movement of people; –(2) to improve both the quality and precision of this data; –(3) it makes possible to work in real time.

6. Methodology Assembly of the Online Map Services –Google Maps, Yahoo Maps, MAP24, MapQuest, Microsoft TerraServer and Google Earth; –go2map, 51ditu, mapabc, mapbar

7. Common features of Online Map Services Mapping: powerful interactive maps and high quality map Geocoding: to calculate a location’s latitude and longitude coordinates, including street addresses and intersections, street blocks, postal codes, centers of administrative areas. Routing: to calculate driving directions between two locations POI searching: a very detail business and landmark database. Geotagging: to add map annotations using shapes or text.

8. Combination with mobile positioning services

9. Mobile positioning technology –CELL-ID –E-OTD –OTDOA –A-GPS

10. Mobile positioning technology Cell-ID X,Y Cell Size

11. Mobile positioning technology AOA (Angle of Arrival) 22 11

12. Mobile positioning technology TOA (Time of Arrival)  Mobile  Base Station 1  =distance 1  Base Station 2  Base Station 3  =distance 2  =distance 3

13. Mobile positioning technology AGPS (Network Assisted GPS)

14. AGPS(1) AGPS (Network Assisted GPS) –Assisted-GPS means that a Location Server assists a wireless device client to produce location fixes –TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE AND REDUCE COST! –More accurate location fixes –Higher yield –Faster Time to Fix –Lower Battery consumption –Lower terminal device costs

15. AGPS （ 2 ）

16. AGPS （ 3 ） - GPSone Phone

17. The reactive LBS architecture

18. China Mobile Network Scenario and prototype testing in Beijing city Data Collection Server Online Map Services Data validation Server Service Gateway API SMS, GPRS, Wireless Internet WML WML/HTML BS AGPS

19. Scenario and prototype testing in Beijing city Geotagging daily trips on web map –to tag their home, work place and favourite shopping and entertainment sites –To tag their daily trips ( including trip route and information about trip purpose, time departure, origin and destination locations.

20. Scenario and prototype testing in Beijing city Blogging daily real time activities by SMS Similar to Self-Reporting –Users tell the system where they are and what they are doing –a blog consists of one real time activity entry including information about a user’s on-going activity in a place. –Using mobile positioning and map geocoding to get the accurate location data

22. Conclusion Technical feasibility –save great cost to build a map base –be accessed to millions of web users –to collect real time activity of mobile phone owners To combine web map service API and mobile positioning service, it is possible to collect large scale space-time samples about millions users in big cities with lower data collection cost.

23. Conclusion the advantages of proposed LBS approach –(1) geotagging and mobile positioning approach get the actual location and movement of people; –(2) the data quantity and the precision are higher than traditional survey method; –(3) data collection using mobile phone makes it possible to collect people’s real time activities.

24. Future Works we call collaboration to develop more attractive services and to cover most of main cities in China We continue to complete our LBS enabling new analysis and visualizing method for the collected large space-time datasets

25. Thank you!

26. LBS By Siemens

27. LBS Application Mode

28. LBS Applications