1. P07421 - Sustainable Technology for the RIT Campus Lu Xu Jessie Gmeinder Chris Chaput Kevin Costantini Sam Eng Wojciech Mysliwiec Jeff Hoover Scott Rishell Bob Snow Eric Wong

2. Overview  Feasibility Constraints Resources Economics Scope Technology  Customer Needs Cost effective Decrease energy usage per FTE student by 10% by 2013 Improve RIT’s image as a green campus Provide experiential learning Environmentally friendly

3. Sub Concepts Technology demonstration  Photovoltaic (PV)  Wind Solar Light  Bio-diesel Technical report  Energy Audit  Water Cooling System  Alternative Energy

4. Concept Definition - PV Sub-Team  Bob Snow  Eric Wong  Kevin Costantini  Objective To design, build, and integrate a photovoltaic demonstrator onto the RIT campus To give students a chance to observe how this technology works and experiment with the system To explore what can be obtained from using this renewable energy source

5. Drawings

6. Concept Selection Process  Developed 8 basic functions with concepts for each  Refined concepts and developed three sub-systems: Type of Module(4 Concepts) Mounting/Adjustment Setup(4 Concepts) Display(2 Concepts)  Evaluated sub-systems/ developed system concepts  Initially evaluated concepts with weighted criteria Initial Cost (35%) Availability (20%) Maximum Load(20%) Efficiency (15%) Ease of Install(10%)

7. Rough Financial Requirements  PV MODULE: $800  Battery: $300  Inverter: $600  Mount: $200  Controller: $50  Wiring, Grounding, & Disconnects: $300  Miscellaneous: $250  Total Cost: ~$2500

8. Concept Definition – Wind Solar Light  Objective To produce 2 nd generation stand alone roadway light To utilize hybrid technology power generation for best performance Sub-Team  Jessie Gmeinder  Sam Eng  Wojciech Mysliwiec

9. Concept Generation – Wind Solar light  Current Roadway light 30’ height 400w HPS bulb 0.6 ft-candles $3600 install ~$140/year to run  1 st generation – recommendations Upgrade turbine Upgrade lighting

10. Concept Selection Process  Chose LED light based on luminance and style  Developed 2 designs based on turbine changes Vertical Axis (Savonius Style) Horizontal Axis  Evaluated concepts with weighted criteria Power Output (30%) Cost Savings (25%) Ease of Demo Manufacture (20%) Durability(15%) Aesthetics(10%)

11. Rough Financial Requirements  LED: $725  Turbine: $420-$875  Solar panel: $0-$300  Battery: $0-$75  Pole: $700 -$1000  Circuit: $100  Total: ~$1945-$3075

12. Concept Definition – Biodiesel  Objective To use RIT dining facilities existing waste vegetable oil (WVO) in producing usable biodiesel for campus vehicles To save $$ in amount of used diesel fuel Provide certain educational benefit for class learning from example Sub-Team  Chris Chaput  Scott Rishell  Jeff Hoover

13. Refining Process Diagram Waste Vegetable Oil Reservoir Bio-Diesel Storage Tank Mixing Tank Methanol Reservoir Lye Reservoir Daq and Control Software Temp pH Valve Control Operator Input Pump Washing Tank Glycerin Drain

14. Concept Selection Process  Marked out a general process flow  Determined potential usable amounts of WVO from sources  Considered placement of operations  Benchmarking of a commercial biodiesel processor Weighted certain needs  Pump station included(15%)  Automated process(30%)  Make batches of 70+ gallons(20%)  Require low operator time(10%)  Robustness(5%)  Quality control(20%)  Estimated cost of materials for creating a single batch

15. Rough Cost Analysis  A Biodiesel processor can pay for itself in little over 1/2 year in fuel savings  Serves as an example of alternative fuel in use  Product is cheaper when WVO is collected in greater quantities.

16. Rough Financial Requirements  Major cost contributors: Tanks: $350 Tubing: $200 Pumps: $200 Immersion heater: $200 Valves: $200  Operation costs: ~$200/week  Initial Investment total: ~$2000

17. Concept Definition –Energy Audit Sub-Team  Sam Eng  Lu Xu  Jessie Gmeinder  Objective To save energy by maximizing efficiency of building systems

18. Energy Audit Process Flow Map

19. Concept Selection Process  Developed 4 different audits  Initially evaluated concepts with weighted criteria Audit ease of use (30%) Feasibility (technical knowledge) (25%) Length of audit/detail (20%) Cost savings (15%) Time to implement recommendations (10%)

20. Benchmarking UniversityAuditImplementationResult SUNY Buffalo HVAC systems New policy to lower thermostat temperature 6,747 MWh/year energy savings Harvard Computers on campus Added energy saving features to the 1000 computers 15% reduction in electricity and $15,000 saving per year Southern University Baton Rouge 21 audits on selected buildings "Quick Operation and Maintenance Checklist" and established an energy management program 6,513,632 KWh and 2,903,500 CF reduction per year of electricity and gas

21. Concept Definition – Water Cooling System  Objective To evaluate the implementation of a water cooling system that will:  Meet campus cooling needs  Save on energy consumption  Utilize the Genesee River to provide a portion of cooling  Reduce refrigerant usage Sub-Team  Kevin Costantini  Chris Chaput  Scott Rishell  Bob Snow

22. Concept Selection Process  Developed 11 basic functions with concepts for each  Refined concepts and developed three sub-systems Campus Distribution System(4 concepts) Pumping/Cooling Station(3 concepts) River Cooling Loop(4 concepts)  Evaluated sub-systems / developed 4 system concepts  Initially evaluated concepts with weighted criteria Initial Cost (35%) Operating Requirements (20%) Efficiency (30%) Land Displacement (15%)

23. Drawing – Leading Concept

24. Motivation Risks  Electricity savings  Improved cooling efficiency  Easier to maintain  Use of local energy as opposed to purchasing energy  Considerable investment  Implementation time  Construction requirements  Thermal discharge into Genesee River  River depth and temperature variations

25. Benchmarking – Water Cooling Location Cooling Source CostImplementationResults Cornell Campus Cayuga Lake $60 million Created two-loop system with heat exchanger, removed chillers Saves 80% of cooling cost Enwave / Toronto Lake Ontario $180 million Joint venture with city water system One large chiller assists cooling Pumped to “customers” Saves 75% of energy required U of R / Co-Gen Genesee River N/A Once-through non-contact cooling loop from river assists the needs of 4 chillers. 100 days a year where chillers are not used

26. Concept Definition – Alternative Energy  The objective of the alternative energy group is to look into forms of alternative energy that can be used on or around campus and to illustrate the findings in a formal proposal Sub-Team  Lu Xu  Eric Wong  Jeff Hoover  Wojciech Mysliwiec

27. Concept Selection  Wind energy, Electro kinetic energy, and methane were evaluated for this concept  Developed selection matrix with the following criteria Cost (30%) Environmentally Benign (20%) Energy Production (15%) Education (15%) Image (10%) Feasible within 5 years (5%) Reduced Emissions (5%)

28. Motivation Risk  Improve RIT’s financial position  Reduce green house gas emissions  Educational value  Reduce 5-10% of RIT’s overall energy consumption  Image acceptance  Environmental impact (wetlands)  Varying wind speeds  Economic viability  Location

29. Benchmarking – Wind Energy * Average wind speeds in Rochester, NY: 4.56 m/s Name of University # of Turbine s Type of Wind Turbine Estm. Cost Annual Energy Production Usage University of Minnesota Morris Campus 1 230-Foot/1.65 mW Vesta wind turbine 1.8 million~ 5.6 million kWh Supply up to 60% of UMM's electricity needs University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 3 300-Foot/1.5 mW 2 million in total ~ Supply 2.7% of campus electricity needs University of Rhode Island 1 230-Foot/1.5 mW wind turbine 2.2 million~ Supply 5% of URI electricity needs Minnesota Carleton College Northfield 1 360-Foot/1.65 mW Vesta 1.8 million~ 5 million kWh Power is sold to Xcel Energy which offers about 40% of campus electricity needs Macalester College joint w/ Xcel Energy 1 125- Foot/Bergey Windpower Co. Excel 10kW About 40,000 ~12,000 kWh Supply 0.3% of campus electricity needs

30. Demo Cost Summary  Biodiesel system: ~$2000  Wind-solar prototype: ~$3075  PV demonstrator: ~$2500

31. Concept Selection Matrix - Demo

32. Concept Selection Matrix - Report