1. Introduction to Multimedia SMDC Staff Training 6/9/06

2. Goals Understand how Multimedia is represented within a computer Become familiar with some core multimedia concepts and terms Be able to find Multimedia on the Internet Begin thinking of your own Multimedia project

3. What is Multimedia?

4. The Multi PartMulti Combine media elements with: Synchronization Navigation Interactivity Metadata

5. Multimedia Files –Contains one of more media elements and metadata regarding how to decode and possibly decompress it. –Singe accessible unit on a computer Frameworks –Pull together multiple files for presentation and navigation –Points to other files rather than contains them

6. Digital Information In a computer all digital information is stored in the same format – binary.binary It’s how you encode and decode the binary that determines what the information is. 1 digit = bit (b), 8 bits = Byte (B) (1 kB = 1024 Bytes)1 kB = 1024 Bytes Many systems to store: 0/1, On/Off, +/-, Up/Down

7. Black and White Pixels 01000111011010011010 01010100101010010101 01010010101010100101 01010101010101010101 01011110101011100101 01110101010110100101 00100010011010011000 █1███111█11█1██11█1█ █1█1█1██1█1█1██1█1█1 █1█1██1█1█1█1█1██1█1 █1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1 █1█1111█1█1█111██1█1 █111█1█1█1█11█1██1█1 ██1███1██11█1██11███ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████

8. Color Depth 8-bit grayscale: –I byte (8 bits) describe one pixel –Amount of grey from 0-255 –01001110 11000000 01011100 24-bit color: –3 bytes describe one pixel –Red, Blue Green make up one pixel, blended like light, not paint (Additive Color)Additive Color –01001110 11000000 01011100 –Red (92,5C), Green (192,C0), Blue (92,5C)

9. Resolution Dots per Inch (DPI)Dots per Inch Image Resolution (A x B)Image Resolution Same Image Resolution, Different DPI

10. Resolution Dots per Inch (DPI)Dots per Inch Image Resolution (A x B)Image Resolution Same Image Resolution, Different DPI

11. Resolution Dots per Inch (DPI)Dots per Inch Image Resolution (A x B)Image Resolution Same DPI, Different Image Resolution

12. Resolution Dots per Inch (DPI)Dots per Inch Image Resolution (A x B)Image Resolution Same DPI, Different Image Resolution

13. Examples Flickr – http://www.flickr.comhttp://www.flickr.com Creative Commons – http://www.creativecommons.org http://www.creativecommons.org

14. Video Video is a series of still images – like a flip book Frames per Second (FPS), Frame Rate 24 FPS – Film 29.9 FPS – Video/TV

15. 1 Frame Per Second

16. 5 Frames Per Second

17. 10 Frames Per Second

18. 15 Frames Per Second

19. 24 Frames Per Second

20. Examples Internet Archive – http://www.archive.orghttp://www.archive.org Video Podcast – iTunes: http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZS tore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=152616201 http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZS tore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=152616201

21. How Do You Get 1’s & 0’s? Many of our senses are analog Sight – light waves Touch – continuous motion Hearing – sound waves Think of a graph of something changing over time

22. Viewing Sound Waves Audacity – free audio recording utility available @ http://audacity.sourceforge.nethttp://audacity.sourceforge.net Launch AudacityAudacity

23. Some Analog to Digital Terms Amplitude Sampling Rate Sampling Bits

24. Sampling

29. Interactive Multimedia UD Microscope: http://www.merlot.org/artifact/ArtifactDetail. po?oid=1010000000000146169 http://www.merlot.org/artifact/ArtifactDetail. po?oid=1010000000000146169 Pipeline: http://pipeline.shsarts.com/http://pipeline.shsarts.com/

30. Compression This will be another day, but… Most audio-visual data files are huge Compression makes files smallerCompression Lossless compression does so without changing the informationLossless compression Lossy compression throws information away to make files smallerLossy compression

31. Compression Artifacts Uncompressed tiff 319,808 bytes

32. Compression Artifacts Compressed tiff 3,213 bytes

33. Compression Artifacts 100% Quality JPG 5,738 bytes

34. Compression Artifacts 50% Quality JPG 2,874 bytes

35. Compression Artifacts 25% Quality JPG 2,333 bytes

36. Compression Artifacts 1% Quality JPG 1,319 bytes

37. Video Compression Artifacts

38. Codec Compressor/Decompressor Coder/Decoder Tells computer what the binary 1’s and 0’s are

39. Finding (Legal) Free Multimedia UD Library Multimedia Resources http://128.175.83.12/eresources/multimedia/ http://128.175.83.12/eresources/multimedia/ Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/index.html http://www.loc.gov/index.html Internet Archive http://www.archive.org http://www.archive.org Merlot http://www.merlot.org http://www.merlot.org Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/ http://creativecommons.org/

40. Key Terms Multimedia Synchronization Metadata Digital Binary Encode Decode Analog Codec Compression Pixel Resolution DPI

41. References and Attributions Iguana Photo (slides 9-12) ©2005 Aaron Logan, http://www.lightmatter.net used under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license http://www.lightmatter.netCreative Commons Attribution 2.5 license “Pipeline” by Steven H. Silberg - http://pipeline.shsarts.com presented with permission of the artisthttp://pipeline.shsarts.com Satellite dish footage from the Internet Archives Prelinger Collection, http://www.archive.org/details/1962-07-23_Kennedy_on_Telstar used under the Creative Commons Public Domain license http://www.archive.org/details/1962-07-23_Kennedy_on_Telstar Audio test files from Fred Nachbaur, http://www.dogstar.dantimax.dk/testwavs/ http://www.dogstar.dantimax.dk/testwavs/

42. Free Software Used the produce these Materials XNview – Image editing: http://perso.orange.fr/pierre.g/xnview/enhome.html http://perso.orange.fr/pierre.g/xnview/enhome.html Audacity – audio recording/editing: http://audacity.sourceforge.net http://audacity.sourceforge.net TMPGEnc – MPEG Editor/Converter: http://www.tmpgenc.net http://www.tmpgenc.net