1. Introduction to Multimedia Student Multimedia Design Center 06/06/06

2. Goals Understand how Multimedia is represented within a computer Become familiar with some core multimedia concepts and terms Be able to find Multimedia on the Internet Begin thinking of your own Multimedia project

3. What is Multimedia?

4. What is Media?

5. The Multi Part Combine media elements with: Navigation Synchronization Interactivity Metadata

6. Multimedia Files –Contains one of more media elements and metadata regarding how to decode and possibly decompress it. –Singe accessible unit on a computer Frameworks –Pull together multiple files for presentation and navigation –Points to other files rather than contains them

7. Digital Information In a computer all digital information is stored in the same format – binary.binary It’s how you encode and decode the binary that determines what the information is. Two’s power number representation 1 digit = bit Many systems to store: 0/1, On/Off, +/-, Up/Down

8. All Digital Information is the Same 01000111011010011010 01010100101010010101 01010010101010100101 01010101010101010101 01011110101011100101 01110101010110100101 00100010011010011000

9. Black and White Pixels 01000111011010011010 01010100101010010101 01010010101010100101 01010101010101010101 01011110101011100101 01110101010110100101 00100010011010011000 █1███111█11█1██11█1█ █1█1█1██1█1█1██1█1█1 █1█1██1█1█1█1█1██1█1 █1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1█1 █1█1111█1█1█111██1█1 █111█1█1█1█11█1██1█1 ██1███1██11█1██11███ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████

10. Black and White Pixels ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████ ████████████████████

11. Black and White Pixels

13. Resolution Dots per Inch (DPI)Dots per Inch Image Resolution (A x B)Image Resolution Same Number of Pixels, Different DPI

14. Binary Usually work in set groups (8 bits = byte) 00100101 = (25*1)+(24*0)+(23*0)+(22*1)+(21*0)+(20*0) =32+0+0+4+0+0 =36

15. Other Image Pixel Codings 8-bit grayscale: –I byte (8 bits) describe one pixel –Amount of grey from 0-255 –01001110 11000000 01011100 24-bit color: –3 bytes: Red, Blue Green make up one pixel, blended like light, not paint (Additive Color)Additive Color –01001110 11000000 01011100 –Red (92), Green (192), Blue (92)

16. Hexidecimal Base-16 Number 0-9 as in decimal 6 new digits, A-F A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15 Each Hex digit is 4 bits 24-bit color often described as 6 hex digits, 2 for each of R, G, B =++ 010011101100000001011100

17. ASCII 010001110110100110100 101010010101001010101 010010101010100101010 101010101010101010101 111010101110010101110 101010110100101001000 10011010011000

18. ASCII 010001110110100110100 101010010101001010101 010010101010100101010 101010101010101010101 111010101110010101110 101010110100101001000 10011010011000 32 52 90 84 3742 8542 117 46 57 8582 77 85 42 85 72 24

19. ASCII 010001110110100110100 101010010101001010101 010010101010100101010 101010101010101010101 111010101110010101110 101010110100101001000 10011010011000 32 52 90 84 3742 8542 117 46 57 8582 77 85 42 85 72 24 # 4 Z TT %* U* u. 9 UR M U * U H ^T

20. So… The same 1’s and 0’ can either be: A small part of a picture of UD: The text: –“#Z4TTU%**U*Uu9.URHM^T” An arbitrary number of other things Depending on how it’s decoded

21. Digital Information All digital information is stored in the same format – coded in binary. It’s how you encode and decode the binary that determines what the information is. In Multimedia a Coder/Decoder is known as a CodecCodec

22. How Do You Get 1’s & 0’s? Many of our senses are analog Sight – light waves Touch – continuous motion Hearing – sound waves Think of a graph of something changing over time

23. How Do You Get 1’s & 0’s?

25. 0270460 00000000 00000010 00100110 00000100 00101000

26. Some Analog to Digital Terms Amplitude Frequency (cycles/time) Sampling Rate Sampling Bits Consider and audio CD: 44,100 samples/second 16 bit samples For 74 minutes (4440 seconds): 4440 sec x 2bytes/sample x 44100 samples/second = 391608000 bytes x2 stereo channels = 783,216,000 bytes

27. How Do You Get 1’s & 0’s? Analog to Digital Conversion Digital to Analog Conversion What are some things that do this? A/D D/A

28. Compression This will be another day, but… Most audio-visual data files are huge Compression makes them smallerCompression Lossless compression does so without changing the informationLossless compression Lossless compression throws information awayLossless compression

29. Finding (Legal) Free Multimedia UD Library Multimedia Resources http://128.175.83.12/eresources/multimedia/ http://128.175.83.12/eresources/multimedia/ Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/index.html http://www.loc.gov/index.html Internet Archive http://www.archive.org http://www.archive.org Merlot http://www.merlot.org http://www.merlot.org Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/ http://creativecommons.org/

30. Key Terms Multimedia Synchronization Metadata Digital Binary Encode Decode Analog Codec Compression ASCII Pixel Resolution DPI