1. Router Components Semester 2 Chapter 4

2. Table of Contents More on Components The Show Command Network Neighbor Routers Basic Network Testing

3. More on Components Configuration Details on RAM Router Modes Table of Contents

4. External Configuration A router can be configured from four separate sources: Console port (used to initially configure the router) WAN/LAN links (attach through hub or switch using a patch cable) Auxiliary port (needs a modem) TFTP server installed on the network The easiest place to configure from is the console port. Attach a rollover cable from the router to your computer COM1 or COM2 port Open HyperTerminal to log in

5. Internal Configuration Review “Router Basics” section in Ch.2/3 Powerpoint. RAMNVRAMFlashROM Interfaces Console Auxiliary

6. RAMNVRAMFlashROM Interfaces Console Auxiliary As the router is booted, the following is loaded into RAM’s Working Storage. RAM Specifics RAM Command Executive Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Active Config File TablesBuffers

7. Programs include the bootstrap program that tests the equipment (POST) and locates the IOS. RAM Specifics RAM Programs

8. RAM Specifics RAM Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Once the IOS is located by the bootstrap program, it is loaded in to RAM.

9. RAM Specifics RAM Command Executive Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Part of the IOS is the Command EXEC. This is the program that translates the commands you type into a language that the IOS can understand.

10. RAM Specifics RAM Command Executive Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Active Config File Once the IOS is initialized, it looks for an active configurations file (usually in NVRAM) and loads it. This file tells the router specifically what to do.

11. RAM Specifics RAM Command Executive Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Active Config File Tables The tables are loaded from the configuration file including... ARP Tables Routing Tables

12. RAM Specifics RAM Command Executive Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Programs Active Config File TablesBuffers Finally, all leftover memory in RAM is used as the buffer for processing incoming and outgoing packets.

13. Router Modes Good graphic. Learn it.

14. The Show Command Table of Contents

15. Router Status Commands On the next slide, you will see a graphic displaying the most common show commands. Be sure to copy this graphic in your notes. You need to know which component of the router the show command accesses and what each show command displays.

16. FlashNVRAMRAM Internetwork Operating System Programs Active Configuration File Tables and Buffers Backup Configuration File Operating Systems Interfaces Router#show versionRouter#show flashRouter#show interfaces Router#show processes CPU Router#show protocols Router#show running-config Router#write term Router#show mem Router#show stacks Router#show buffers Router#show startup-config Router#show config

17. Show Commands Defined show version -- displays the configuration of the system hardware, the software version, the names and sources of configuration files, and the boot image show startup-config (show config on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) -- displays the backup configuration file show flash -- shows information about the Flash memory device show interfaces -- displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router show processes -- displays information about the active processes show protocols -- displays the configured protocols; shows the status of all configured Layer 3 protocols

18. Show Commands Defined show running-config (write term on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) -- displays the active configuration file show memory -- shows statistics about the router's memory, including memory free pool statistics show stacks -- monitors the stack use of processes and interrupt routines and displays the reason for the last system reboot show buffers -- provides statistics for the buffer pools on the router

19. Lab Before moving on, make sure you have completed… Lab 4.2.4-Router show commands

20. Network Neighbor Routers Table of Contents

21. CDP In order to fully understand how Cisco Discovery Protocol operates, do the lab. 4.3.5-CDP Neighbors

22. Basic Network Testing Table of Contents

23. Multiple Testing Methods For a basic introduction to router troubleshooting, do the labs. 4.4.2-Remote telnet access 4.4.3-ICMP Ping 4.4.4-Traceroute command 4.4.7-Show interfaces & clear counters 4.5.1-Troubleshooting tools challenge Active mental participation in answering lab questions is crucial to do well on the test. You will also retain the knowledge longer if you think about what you are doing and why!