1. WaterBase Free, Open Source Software for Integrated Water Resources Management Chris George and Luis Leon

2. WaterBase Drought Flood Pollution Water-borne disease Sediment Water quality …

3. It’s not just for drinking … Litres of water needed to make: 1 litre of petrol2.5 1 litre of biofuel1000 1 cotton T-shirt2700 1 kilo of wheat4000 1 kilo of beef16000 Wealthier people “consume” 3000 litres per day

4. WaterBase Water management is critical Must be at basin level Based on public/private partnership Requires –Expertise –Information –Modelling + Decision support –Community involvement

5. Modelling River Basins Terrain (shape of the land) Soil Landuse (vegetation) Climate (rainfall, temperature, humidity, …) Model – a computer program that can simulate the natural processes involved Expertise

6. Resources: Available WWW Data  DEM = 90m SRTM (srtm.csi.cgiar.org)  Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission  World wide coverage (V3 pit filled) Tile download Direct FTP Download

7. Resources: Available WWW Data  Land = GLCF (glcf.umiacs.umd.edu)  Global Land Cover Classification  Satellite raster (1km resolution)

8. Resources: Available WWW Data  Soil = FAO/UNESCO (www.fao.org)  Digital Soil Map of the World  1:5 000 000 (raster 5x5 arc-minute)

9. Readily available input Physically based Computer efficient Comprehensive – Process Interactions Simulate Management Model Philosophy

11. Weather Hydrology Sedimentation Plant Growth Nutrient Cycling Pesticide Dynamics Management Bacteria Upland Processes

22. Management Crop Rotations Removal of Biomass as Harvest/ Conversion of Biomass to Residue Tillage / Biomixing of Soil Fertilizer Applications Grazing Pesticide Applications Irrigation Subsurface (Tile) Drainage Water Impoundment (e.g. Rice)

23. Management Urban Areas –Pervious/Impervious Areas –Street Sweeping –Lawn Chemicals Edge of Field Buffers

25. WaterBase Support for Integrated Water Resources Management Using free, open source software An international network of users and developers

26. Why Open Source? Free Secure: no supplier dependence Encourages involvement and sense of ownership; internationalization Support network via internet High quality Good maintenance Open standards; interoperability Examples: Linux; Apache; GRASS; …

27. WaterBase Three phases: 1.First tool available: MWSWAT 2.Network of partners (current) 3.Seek funding for development of –Tools –Training materials and technical documentation on the internet –Data repository design and implementation

28. First tool: MWSWAT Based on MapWindow GIS system http://www.mapwindow.com http://www.mapwindow.com Uses SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat Distribution: internet and DVD

29. Preparation for SWAT 1.Start with a DEM, a Digital Elevation Map (a grid, or 2-D array, of heights). This DEM has some 3.4 million values, 83.3m apart.

30. Preparation for SWAT 2. Calculate stream reaches. (Uses David Tarboton’s Taudem software.).

31. Preparation for SWAT 3. Mark outlet(s) and calculate sub-basins

32. Preparation for SWAT 4. Add landuse map (another grid). Here resolution roughly 10 times DEM’s.

33. Preparation for SWAT 5.Add soil map (another grid). Here resolution roughly 80 times DEM’s.

34. Preparation for SWAT 6. Calculate HRUs: Hydrological Response Units: unique combinations of sub-basin, landuse, soil and slope. Small ones omitted using thresholds. (Here 79 retained from 326.)

35. Preparation for SWAT 7. Add weather data from weather stations (can be automatic) and weather generator. 8. Set start and end dates, and some SWAT parameters. 9. Write SWAT input files (here 620) and database tables. 10. (Optionally) edit SWAT input files and tables. 11. Run SWAT. 12. Examine SWAT outputs.

36. SWAT Outputs Runs typically over several years Inputs and outputs (daily/monthly/yearly) per subbasin –Water flow –Sediments –Nutrients –etc

37. Model Output  Output: - Extract from reach output - Outlet at any sub-basin (swat2dat utility) - Import (i.e. spreadsheet) & plot Reach file output.rch

38. Scenarios Typical use will be “what if we change …” –Temperatures –Rainfall patterns –Water management (reservoirs; sewage treatment; …) –Landuse (urban development; plant trees; cultivate new areas; …) –Crop management (crop type; tillage practices; …) Identify hotspots

39. Thanks to... – David Lam & David Swayne (NWRI & UG) – Daniel Ames, Chris Michaelis, & Allen Anselmo (MapWindow Team) – Raghavan Srinivasan (SWAT) – Gary Bowen (TRCA) – Karim Abbaspour (EAWAG) – Dagny Janowska (BIAD)

40. Join us! http://www.waterbase.org waterbase.contact@waterbase.org