1. Microskills Hierarchy
Five-stage interview structure
Reflection of feeling
Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
Client observation skills
Open and closed questions
Attending behavior
Ethics and multicultural competence

2. Anticipating the results of skill useage
The Ivey Taxonomy
Anticipating the results of skill useage

3. First Sections of Taxonomy
Ethics & Multicultural competence
Attending Behaviors
Basic Listening Sequence

4. Ethics & Multicultural Competence
Present in all interviews
Expected Outcome
Helpees learn, appreciate, respect your knowledge

5. Attending Behaviors
Individually & culturally appropriate visuals, vocals, verbals, and body language
Expected outcome
Helpees talk more freely & respond openly especially about topics to which attention is given (selective attention)

6. Basic Listening Sequence
Open and closed questions
Observation
Encouraging
Paraphrasing
Summarizing

7. Open and closed questions
Open begin with who, what, when, where and why; closed with is, are
Expected Outcome
Open = more detail
Closed = more specific
Both = more talk

8. Observation
Observing self and other verbals & nonverbals plus discrepancies & incongruities
Expected Outcome
Use as foundation for when to apply microskills

9. Encouraging
Verbal (repeat key words) and nonverbal (head nods) to support continued talking
Expected outcome
Topics are elaborated

10. Paraphrasing Feed back short version of what helpee said
Expected outcome
Helpees feel heard
Further information given
If inaccurate, allows corrective feedback

11. Summarizing Longer time span than paraphrase Attention to feelings
Expected outcome
Helps integrate thoughts, feelings, behaviors
More centered discussion

12. Reflection of feeling
Identify key emotions; feedback to clarify affective experience
Expected outcome
Helpees go more deeply into feelings

13. Levels of Empathy
Basic empathy – responses roughly interchangeable with those of helpee (level 3, 4, 5 on rating scale)
Additive empathy – adds to helpee statement by going beyond what is said to what is implied (level 6, 7 on rating scale)

14. Positive Regard Responding to the helpee as a worthy human being
Being nonjudgmental

15. Respect and Warmth
Kinesthetic and nonverbal behaviors that demonstrate value the helpee

16. Concreteness
Specific
Thoughts
Feelings
Examples of actions

17. Immediacy Being in the moment Here and now not there and then
Use present tense

18. Nonjudgmental Attitude
Operating for a values neutral position
Not imposing one’s own values on helpee
Change is unlikely without trust

19. Authenticity and Congruence
Are you who you say you are?

20. Five Stages of Interview
Initiating
Gathering Data
Mutual Goal Setting
Exploring Alternatives, Confronting Incongruities
Terminating