1. Introduction

2. Outline Fluid Mechanics in Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Normal Stresses (Tensile and Compressive) Shear stress General Concepts of a Fluid Pressure

3. Outline (Continued) Velocity Conservation Laws of Mass, Energy and Momentum Density Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Isothermal Compressibility

4. Outline (Continued) Ideal and Nonideal Gas Specific Gravity Viscosity Newtonian and NonNewtonian Fluids Surface Tension Systems of Units Prefixes and Multiples Conversion Factors

5. Objectives Introduce the basic concepts of fluid mechanics. Understand the concept of pressure. Understand the concept of shear rate and shear stress. Understand the concepts of viscosity, and surface tension.

6. Objectives (Continued) Introduce the conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum. Introduce the different types of fluids. Introduce the three systems of units, auxiliary units, prefixes for fractions and multiples, and conversion factors.

7. Summary Stress = force/area Normal Stress: F acts perpendicularly to area. Pressure is a normal compressive stress. Shear Stress: F acts tangentially to A. For Newtonian fluids, viscosity is responsible for shear stresses in the presence of shear rate. Viscosity is a property of the fluid representing resistance to deformation and flow.

8. Summary (Continued) Momentum = m For uniform velocity normal to area A: Volumetric flow rate Q = v A Mass flow rate = ρ Q Momentum flow rate = General Conservation law

9. Summary (Continued) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility

10. Summary (Continued) Nonideal Gas For liquid hydrocarbons

11. Summary (Continued) NonNewtonian fluids include Bingham, pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids. Time-dependent fluids include Thixotropic and Rheopectic fluids. Viscoelastic fluids show an elastic property in addition to a viscous behavior.

12. Summary (Continued) Surface tension is caused by the attractive forces in liquids. Liquids behave as if they were surrounded by a skin that tends to shrink. The three systems of units are: SI, CGS and FPS. Auxiliary units, prefixes for fractions and multiples, and conversion factors are defined.