2. National Background and Context
Abortion is a common experience ( 1 abortion/22 seconds)
1.34 million abortions per year (45 million/yr. world wide)
About 1 in 3 American women will have had an abortion by the time she reaches age 45.
57% of women having abortions are in their 20s;
60% have one or more children;
86% are unmarried;
57% are economically disadvantaged;
78% report a religious affiliation.
41% of women obtaining abortions are white non-Hispanic
32% are black non-Hispanic
20% are Hispanic and 7% are of other racial backgrounds.
Russian and Indian women have an average of abortions

3. Who has abortions? WHO HAS ABORTIONS?
50 % of U.S. women obtaining abortions are younger than 25:
Women aged 20–24 obtain 33% of all abortions;
Teenagers obtain 17% to 22%.
37% of abortions occur to black women, 34% to non-Hispanic white women, 22% to Hispanic women and 8% to women of other races.
43% of women obtaining abortions identify themselves as Protestant and 27% as Catholic.
Women who have never married obtain 2/3 of all abortions.
About 60% of abortions are obtained by women who have one or more children.
The reasons women give for having an abortion: Three-fourths of women cite concern for or responsibility to other individuals; three-fourths say they cannot afford a child; three-fourths say that having a baby would interfere with work, school or the ability to care for dependents; and half say they do not want to be a single parent or are having problems with their husband or partner.

4. Q & A 1. the umbilical cord? 2. the amniotic sac? 3. the placenta?
What comes from Mom? What comes from baby?
Whose chemistry is responsible for the development of:
1. the umbilical cord?
2. the amniotic sac?
3. the placenta?
4. the onset of labor?
5. the cessation of menstrual cycles?
6. the body’s acceptance of foreign body (baby)
7. the breast milk?

5. From day 1…
Day 1 of conception: From the moment of conception, 46 human chromosomes are present along with 30,000 genes combine to determine all of your physical characteristics
Gender
Facial features
Body type
Color of eyes and hair and skin
Even more amazingly, intelligence and personality-the way you think and feel-were already in place with your genetic code. From the moment of conception, you were essentially you! Just smaller!!!!
Day 6:  embryo begins implantation in the uterus.
Day 18-22:  heart begins to beat with the child’s own blood, often a different type than the mother’s blood type.
Week 3:  By the end of third week, the child’s backbone spinal column and nervous system are forming.  The liver, kidneys and intestines begin to take shape.
Week 4:  By the end of week four, the child is 10,000 larger than the fertilized egg. 
Week 5:  Eyes, legs, and hands begin to develop.

6. Week 6 Earliest Reflexes
It has been reported that embryos in the 6th week show spontaneous movements such as twitching of the limbs and reflex responses to touch. These first reflexes are total, i.e., the body reacts equally to any & every type of stimulus.

7. Week 7
Week 6:  Brain waves are detectable; mouth and lips are present; fingernails are forming. Week 7:  Eyelids, and toes form, nose distinct.  The baby is kicking and swimming.
Week 8:  Every organ is in place, bones begin to replace cartilage, and fingerprints begin to form.  By the 8th week the baby can begin to hear.   

8. Week 8 The baby (embryo) is about ½ inch long.
The heart now has four chambers.
Fingers and toes begin to form.
Reflex activities begin as the brain and nervous system develop.
Cells begin to form the eyes, ears, jaws, lungs, stomach, intestines and liver.

9. The Story of Steven
The story of Steven

10. Steven was 6-7 weeks old
The tiniest human (I call him Steven.) Posted on Saturday, January 10, 2004
The tiniest human
This award winning photograph was taken by Robert Wolfe, Medical Photographer at the University of Minnesota.
This tiny unborn child was yet alive at this moment, only 6-7 weeks after the first day of last menstrual period, a just removed tubal (ectopic) pregnancy. Conception took place only 4-5 weeks earlier.
"Eleven years ago while administering an anesthetic for ruptured ectopic pregnancy (at 2 months gestation) I was handed what I believe was the smallest living human being ever seen. The embryo sac was intact and transparent. Within the sac was a tiny (approx. 1cm) human male swimming extremely vigorously in the amniotic fluid, while attached to the wall by the umbilical cord.
"This tiny human was perfectly developed, with long tapering fingers, feet and toes. It was almost transparent, as regards the skin, and the delicate arteries and veins were prominent to the ends of the fingers. The baby was extremely alive and swam about the sac approximately one time per second, with a natural swimmer's stroke. This tiny human did not look at all like the photos and drawings and models of 'embryos' which I have seen, nor did it look like the few embryos I have been able to observe since then, obviously because this one was alive.
"The swimming human was observed by the Head Surgery nurse and our children, who were called out of school to observe such a unique phenomenon. When the sac was opened, the tiny human immediately lost its life and took on the appearance of what is accepted as the appearance of an embryo at this age.
Six months later, at a lecture in embryology at Harvard University, I had occasion to ask the approximately 150 physicians present whether any had witnessed such a phenomenon. All were amazed and none had seen nor heard of such an event…"
Dr. Paul E. Rockwell, Director of Anesthesiology, Leonard Hospital, Troy, New York: Letter to the editor, Albany, Times-Union, 10th March 1970

11. Week 10
The beginnings of all key body parts are present, but they are not completed.
Teeth begin to form, fingernails develop.  The baby can turn his head, and frown.  The baby can hiccup. 
Structures that will form eyes, ears, arms and legs can be seen.
Muscles and skeleton are developing and the nervous system becomes more responsive (baby can feel pain?)

12. Weeks 11, 12, 13
Week 11: The baby can grasp objects placed in its hand; all organ systems are functioning.  The baby has a skeletal structure, nerves, and circulation.
 Week 12:  The baby has all of the parts necessary to experience pain, including nerves, spinal cord, and thalamus.  Vocal cords are complete.  The baby can suck its thumb. 
 Week 13:  At this age, the heart pumps several quarts of blood through the body every day.

13. Week 12
The baby has all of the parts necessary to experience pain, including nerves, spinal cord, and thalamus.  Vocal cords are complete.  The baby can suck its thumb. 
Fingers and toes are distinct and have nails.
Hair begins to develop, but won't be seen until later in the pregnancy.
The baby begins small, random movements, too slight to be felt.
The fetal heartbeat can be detected with a heart monitor. All major external body features have appeared.
Muscles continue to develop.

14. Week 14 The baby is about 3½ inches long and weighs about 1½ ounces.
The baby begins to swallow, the kidneys make urine, and blood begins to form in the bone marrow.
Joints and muscles allow full body movement.
There are eyelids and the nose is developing a bridge.
External genitals are developing.

15. Week 16 The baby is about 4½ inches long and weighs about 4 ounces.
The head is erect and the arms and legs are developed.
The skin appears transparent. A fine layer of hair has begun to grow on the head.
Limb movements become more coordinated

16. Week 17 Week 17: The baby can have dream (REM) sleep.
Week 19:  Babies can routinely be saved at 21 to 22 weeks after fertilization, and sometimes they can be saved even younger.

17. Week 18 The baby is about 5½ inches long and weighs about 7 ounces.
The skin is pink and transparent and the ears are clearly visible.
All the body and facial features are now recognizable.
The baby can grasp and move its mouth.
Nails begin to grow.
The baby has begun to kick. Some women feel this movement.

18. Week 20 The baby is about 6¼ inches long and weighs about 11½ ounces.
All organs and structures have been formed, and a period of growth begins.
The skin is wrinkled and appears pink to reddish in color due to being thin and close to the blood vessels.
A protective skin coating, called vernix, is beginning to develop.
Respiratory movements occur, but the lungs have not developed enough to permit survival outside the uterus.
By this time, mothers usually feel the baby moving.
At this time an ultrasound can often identify the sex of the baby.

19. Week 22 The baby is about 7½ inches long and weighs about one pound.
The baby has fingerprints and perhaps some head and body hair.
The baby may suck its thumb and is more active.
The brain is growing very rapidly.
The fetal heartbeat can be easily heard.
The kidneys start to work.
At 23 weeks, approximately 31% of babies born survive. Babies born at this age require intensive care and usually have lifelong disabilities and chronic health conditions.

20. Week 24 The baby is about 8¼ inches long and weighs about 1¼ pounds.
Bones of the ears harden making sound conduction possible. The fetus hears mother’s sounds such as breathing, heartbeat and voice.
The first layers of fat are beginning to form.
This is the beginning of substantial weight gain for the fetus.
Lungs continue developing
At 25 weeks, approximately 68% of babies born survive.

21. Week 36
The baby is about 12 to 13 inches long and weighs about 5½ to 6 pounds.
Scalp hair is silky and lies against the head.
Muscle tone has developed and the fetus can turn and lift its head.
Almost all babies born at this age will survive.

22. Newborn baby at 40 weeks

23. Samuel Armas
Dr. Joseph Bruner at Vanderbilt is known for his work in fetal surgery, especially on babies with spina bifida, a condition in which the spine does not close properly during development.   Vanderbilt confirms that little Samuel Armas was 21 weeks-old in the womb which makes the surgery very risky because if anything goes wrong, the baby cannot survive on its own.  Dr. Bruner and his colleagues, however, have done numerous successful spina bifida surgeries on fetuses that are not yet viable.  In this particular surgery, the baby's hand poked out of the incision in its mother's womb and Dr. Bruner says he instinctively offered his finger for the baby to hold.  Most versions of the story say the baby reached out and grasped Dr. Bruner's finger, but in an article in USA Today on May 2, 2000, Dr. Bruner says both the mother and the baby were under anesthesia and could not move.  Michael Clancy, the photographer who took the picture and who owns the copyright to it says, however, that out of the corner of his eye he saw the uterus shake and the baby's hand pop out of the surgical opening on its own.  Clancy says that when the doctor put his finger into the baby's hand, the baby squeezed the finger and held on.  You can read Clancy's description of the experience and more about the picture at his website at     Update:  The surgery was successful and little Samuel Armas was born on December 2, 1999, and has been developing well, according to his parents, Alex and Julie Armas.

24. Operation on 24 week old Trish Switzer

25. When women have abortions (in weeks from the last menstrual period) Eighty-nine percent of abortions occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, 2004.

26. Two Main Types of abortion methods
Medical abortions
Mifepristone & Misoprostol (RU 486)
Methotrexate & Misoprostol
Surgical abortions by trimester
Vacuum aspiration (D & A)- 1st trimester
Dilation and Evacuation (D & E)- 2nd trimester
Digoxin abortions (replaced D & X); 3rd trimester
D & X (Dilatation & Extraction): PBA

27. Early Non-Surgical Abortion
Local abortion clinic’s description of RU 486 with my annotations:
A drug is given that stops the hormones needed for the child to grow. (Mifepristone or Methotrexate)
This causes the placenta or attachment of the fetus to the womb to separate, ending the pregnancy. (Mifepristone blocks progesterone needed to nourish the baby so the baby starves to death; Methotrexate is a cancer drug which stops cell division and kills the developing child.)
A second drug is given by mouth or placed in the vagina causing the womb to contract and expel the fetus and placenta. (Misoprostol is a prostaglandin which forces the cervix to open unnaturally.)
Most clinics then send you home where you will abort the baby on your own.
Clinic pays $15 for drugs; you get charged $425 for pills, injections, visits.
A return visit to the doctor is required for follow-up to make sure the abortion is completed.
Possible Complications:
Incomplete abortion, Allergic reaction to the medications, Painful cramping, Nausea and/or vomiting
Diarrhea, Fever, Infection, Death, Heavy bleeding, Self abortion: most abortions occur at home.
Breast Cancer if it’s your first pregnancy: ABC link. Proven in over 20 studies. First pregnancy: undifferentiated cells that would be breast milk cells start to define themselves via the chemicals that the baby produces. When the pregnancy is abruptly ended, those undifferentiated cells are left vulnerable to cancer development.

28. From a NC abortion provider
MEDICAL ABORTION
The abortion by pill is given to patients who are less than 7 weeks and are at least 18 years of age. An ultrasound is used to determine how far along the patient is in her pregnancy.
The patient is given medicine called Methotrexate. This medicine stops the fetal cell growth. It can be administered in a drink form or through an injection. Once the patient takes this medicine, she cannot change her mind! This medicine can cause serious birth defects.
The patient is also given medicine called Misoprostol/ Cytotec. This medicine helps to shed the uterine lining. The patient will take orally eight pills over the course of three days. The first four pills are inserted on the third day and the remaining four must be inserted on the fifth day. The patient will need to have least 8 hours of rest after inserting the pills. It is recommended that the patient insert the pills before going to bed. This medicine will cause cramping and bleeding, which may be heavier than what a patient normally experiences during a regular menstrual cycle. The doctor will prescribe a mild pain reliever for any discomfort. The success rate for the medical abortion is between 96% and 93%. If for any reason this method is not successful, the remaining tissue must be removed surgically.

29. Prices in Wilmington Prices and Payment Information
Price ranges for our abortion services are:
Abortion pill (medication abortion) -$425
Note: During the abortion pill (medication abortion) visit, you must agree — before you start — that you will have an in-clinic abortion if the abortion pill does not work.
In-clinic abortion price list:
6-12 weeks - $425.00
weeks - $425.00
ultrasound only - $120

30. 1ST Trimester: Vacuum Aspiration Abortion
A local anesthetic is applied or injected into or near the cervix, the opening to the womb, to prevent discomfort or pain.
Conscious sedation and/or general anesthesia are also commonly used.
The opening of the cervix is gradually stretched with a series of dilators. The thickest dilator used is about the width of a fountain pen.
A tube is inserted into the womb and is attached to a suction system to remove the baby, placenta and membranes from the womb. (knife like instrument is at the end of the tube to scrape the wall of the uterus.)
Suction from the vacuum aspirator breaks baby apart; vacuum is 29xs more powerful than your mom’s vacuum.
Baby’s remains are sucked into machine.
Possible Complications Incomplete abortion: BLIND OPERATION!
Pelvic infection
Heavy bleeding
Torn cervix
Perforated uterus

31. Suction & curettage abortion

32. 2nd Trimester abortions; Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)
In utero dismemberment is the Latin term used.
Sponge-like pieces of absorbent material are placed into the cervix. This material becomes moist and slowly opens the cervix. It remains in place for several hours or overnight. A second or third application of the sponge material may be necessary.
After a local or general anesthesia has been administered, the baby and placenta are removed from the uterus with medical instruments such as forceps and suction curettage (pliers like instrument because baby’s bones are calcified.)
Occasionally for removal, it may be necessary to dismember the fetus.
Medical person MUST reassemble the baby on a medical tray to make sure all parts of the baby are present to prevent infection in the mom.
Possible Complications Heavy bleeding:
Cut or torn cervix
Perforation of the wall of the uterus
Pelvic infection
Incomplete abortion
Anesthesia-related complications
Weakened cervix

33. D & E

34. Survivor of a D & E abortion

35. 3rd trimester abortions (pg. 1)
Digoxin Abortions (an overdose of the heart drug, digoxin, is injected into baby’s heart to cause heart attack; The drug is administered with a long needle inserted into the abdomen.)
Abortionist George R. Tiller pioneered this abortion method where ultrasound is used to locate the baby’s heart, which is then injected with the powerful drug through the woman’s abdomen. Labor is then induced, or the baby is dismembered and removed from the womb.

36. 3rd trimester abortions (pg. 2)
Dilation and Extraction (D&X) (also known as Partial Birth Abortion: made illegal by USSC in Gonzales v. Carhart, 2007)
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in these steps:
“1. Deliberate dilatation of the cervix, usually over a sequence of days;
2. Instrumental conversion of the fetus to a footling breech;
3. Breech extraction of the body excepting the head, and
4. Partial evacuation of the intracranial contents of a living fetus to effect vaginal delivery of a dead but otherwise intact fetus.”

37. Comments by abortionists on digoxin
Renee Chelian, executive director of Northland Family Planning Centers, said the three Michigan abortion centers under that name use digoxin. "The woman's health has taken a back seat [because of the partial-birth abortion ban]," Chelian claimed in comments to the Detroit News. "The fetus is given an equal status as the woman. It's a horrible precedent that the woman's health and safety is not paramount.“
"We have to cause fetal death," Chelian added. It is not necessary, but it is the Supreme Court telling doctors, 'This is how you do surgery.' It's really scary that the fetus has as much weight as the woman.“
Janet Crepps, an attorney with the Center for Reproductive Rights, a prominent pro-abortion law firm in New York, confirmed to the News the reasons for misusing the drug. "Because certain aspects of abortion procedures are variable in ways that physicians cannot control, physicians may feel compelled to cause fetal demise in order to avoid any appearance or suggestion that they have violated the law," Crepps said.
"One fail-safe way to protect against prosecution under the law is to ensure that fetal demise has occurred," she added.
The FDA approved digoxin in 1982 but abortion practitioners have been using it since the to kill the baby in second-trimester abortions.

38. Partial Birth Abortion
The surgeon grasps and removes a nearly intact fetus through an adequately dilated cervix.
The author (Dr. Martin Haskell) has coined the term Dilation and Extraction or D & X to distinguish it from dismemberment-type D & E's.
This procedure can be performed in a properly equipped physician's office under local anesthesia.
It can be used successfully in patients 20 to 26 weeks in pregnancy.
Presented at the National Abortion Federation by Dr. Haskell at the Risk Management Seminar, September 13, 1992.

39. D & X (first step)

40. D & X (second step)

41. D & X (third step)

42. D & X (fourth step)

43. D & X (fifth step)

45. Medical & Emotional Risks of Abortion
Physical side effects Mental Side Effects
Pelvic Infection (Sepsis) - Depression, crying, suicide, guilt
Incomplete Abortion - Grief, anger, rage, eating disorders
Bleeding -Post traumatic stress syndrome
Cut or Torn Cervix -Suicidal urges, drug/alcohol abuse
Perforation of Wall of the Womb -Flashbacks, nightmares, low self esteem
Anesthesia-Related Complications -Breakup with father of child
Death, risk of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancies -Multiple abortions
Breast Cancer; incompetent cervix -Inability to forgive yourself

46. PAIN of the UNBORN What does an unborn child feel during an abortion?
18 Days Brain: The brain begins to take shape only 18 days after conception. By 20 days, the brain has already differentiated into forebrain, midbrain, and hind brain, and the spinal cord has started to grow.
5 Weeks Pain Receptors: Four or five weeks after conception, pain receptors appear around the mouth, followed by nerve fibers, which carry stimuli to the brain. By 18 weeks, pain receptors have appeared throughout the body. Around week 6, the unborn child first responds to touch.
6 Weeks Cortex: In weeks 6-18, the cerebral cortex develops. By 18 weeks, the cortex has a full complement of neurons. In adults, the cortex has been recognized as the center of pain consciousness.
8 Weeks Thalamus: During weeks 8-16, the thalamus develops, functioning as the main relay center in the brain for sensory impulses going from the spinal cord to the cortex.
The Silent Scream: abortion of 11 week old unborn baby filmed: baby screamed during abortion
14-18 Wks Nerve Tracts: In week 18, nerve tracts connecting the spinal cord and the thalamus are established, and nerves from the thalamus first contact the cortex in week 20. Nerve fibers not routed through the thalamus have already reached the cortex by 14 weeks.
18 Wks Stress Hormones: As early as 18 weeks, stress hormones are released by an unborn child injected by a needle, just as they are when adults feel pain. Hormone levels in those babies decrease as pain-relievers are supplied.
Before 18 Weeks? Even before nerve tracts are fully established, the unborn child may feel pain; studies show anencephalic infants, whose cortex is severely reduced if not altogether missing, may experience pain as long as other neurological structures are functioning.
20 Wks All Parts in Place: With pain receptors, spinal cord, nerve tracts, thalamus, and cortex in place, all anatomical links needed for pain transmission to the brain, for feeling pain, are present.
An unborn child at 20 weeks gestation “is fully capable of experiencing pain... Without question, [abortion] is a dreadfully painful experience for any infant subjected to such a surgical procedure.
– Robert J. White, MD., Ph.D. professor of neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University

47. Abortion Map of the United States

48. Can I Live? by Nick Cannon
I’m talking, Mama. I know the situation is personal But it’s something that has to be told As I was making this beat You was all I could think about; you heard my voice
Yeah, just think, just think, What if you could just Just blink yourself away… Just, just wait, just pause for one second Let me plead my case; It's the late 70's, huh You’re seventeen, huh And having me that will ruin everything, huh It's a lot of angels waiting on their wings You see me in your sleep, so you can’t kill your dreams

49. Can I Live? 2
300 Dollars? That’s the price of living, what? Mommy, I don’t like this clinic Hopefully, you'll make the right decision and don’t go through with the knife incision But it's hard to make the right move When you’re in high school How you have to work all day and take night school Hopping off the bus when the rain is pouring What you want morning sickness or the sickness of mourning?
[Chorus]
I'll always be a part of you; Trust your soul, know it's always true If I could talk, I'd say to you: CAN I LIVE? CAN I LIVE? I'll always be a part of you, Trust your soul, know it's always true If I could talk, I'd say to you: CAN I LIVE? CAN I LIVE

50. Thanks for holding me down
Can I Live? 3
[Verse 2] I am a child of the king ain't no need to go fear me And I see the flowing tears, so I know that you hear me When I move in your womb, that's me being scary ‘Cause who knows what my future holds Yo, the truth be told, you ain't told a soul Yo, you ain't even showing; I'm just 2 months old Through your clothes try to hide me, deny me, Went up 3 sizes
Your pride got you lying saying ain't nothing but a migraine It ain't surprising, you’re not trying to be in WIC food lines Your friends will look at you funny, but look at you, Mommy That's a life inside, take a look at your tummy What is becoming, Ma, I’m Oprah bound! You can tell he's a star from the ultrasound Our sprits connected, doors open now Nothing but love and respect
Thanks for holding me down
She Let Me Live...

51. Can I live? 4 [Nick Talking]
[Chorus] I'll always be a part of you Trust your soul, know it's always true If I could talk, I'd say to you: CAN I LIVE? CAN I LIVE? I'll always be a part of you Trust your soul, know it's always true If I could talk, I'd say to you: CAN I LIVE? CAN I LIVE?
[Nick Talking]
It's uplifting for real y’all I ain't passing no judgment Ain't making no decisions I am just telling y’all my story I love life I love my mother for giving me life We all need to appreciate life A strong woman that had to make a sacrifice Thanks for listening Thanks for listening Mama, thanks for listening

52. Tears Fall by Barlowgirl
I have had the same dream many times it haunts my mind.
It starts with a light but it ends every time.
Oh so many faces that this world will never see.
A reason for your life but your heart will never beat.
May their tears fall down; Let them soften this ground,
May our hearts be found, God forgive us now.
Oh what have we lost because we chose, we'll never know.
And loving You is better than feeling alone.
And all our claims to freedom have become these heavy chains.
And in the name of rights, we keep filling nameless graves.
May our tears fall down; Let them soften this ground,
Let the tears fall down, Let them soften this ground,
Let our hearts be found, God forgive us now. Ooh, ooh…

53. Abortion at 7 weeks

54. Abortion

55. Abortion at 8 weeks

56. North Carolina on abortion
Women's Health & Safety
A physician may not perform an abortion on an unemancipated minor under the age of 18 without the written consent of one parent or a grandparent with whom the minor has lived for at least six months. A court order may be issued foregoing the consent requirement if the judge finds that the minor "is mature and well informed enough to make her own decision, that parental consent is not in her best interest, or that she is the victim of rape or felonious incest."
North Carolina has enacted comprehensive regulations establishing minimum health and safety standards for abortion clinics. Among the areas regulated are clinic administration, staffing, patient medical evaluations, and post-operative care.
Only physicians licensed to practice medicine in North Carolina may perform abortions.
North Carolina prohibits public funding of abortion unless the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest or the woman's life is at risk.

57. North Carolina & abortion
#30 Most Pro-life State
North Carolina does not require:
- informed consent for abortion and
-does not protect unborn victims of violence.
North Carolina does not regulate or prohibit:
- destructive embryo research,
-human cloning or assisted reproductive technologies.
-assisted suicide.

58. NC Protection for the Unborn & Newborn
Current North Carolina law does not recognize an unborn child as a potential victim of homicide or assault.
North Carolina does not require that infants who survive an abortion be given appropriate medical care.
North Carolina has a "Baby Moses" law, establishing a safe haven for mothers to legally leave their infants at designated places and ensuring that the infants receive appropriate care and protection.

59. INCIDENCE OF ABORTION
Nearly half of pregnancies among American women are unintended, and four in 10 of unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion.
22% of all pregnancies end in abortion.
40% of pregnancies among white women, 69% among blacks and 54% among Hispanics are unintended.
In 2005, 1.21 million abortions were performed.
From 1973 through 2005, more than 45 million legal abortions occurred.
47% of women have abortions have had at least one previous abortion.

60. Methods Used at Fourteen Weeks Gestation and After
Dilation and Evacuation (D&E) (also known as in utero dismemberment)
FROM WEEKS
Abortion Methods: Dilatation and Evacuation (D&E) or Labor Induction
Dilatation and Evacuation (D&E)
Sponge-like tapered pieces of absorbent material are placed into the cervix. This material becomes moist and slowly opens the cervix.
Sponge-like material will remain in place for several hours or overnight.
A second or third application of the material may be necessary.
Intravenous medications may be given to ease pain and prevent infection.
After a local or general anesthetic is given, the fetus and placenta are removed from the uterus with medical instruments such as forceps and suction curettage. Occasionally for removal, it will be necessary to dismember the fetus.

61. Dilation and Curettage Abortion
A local anesthetic is applied or injected into or near the cervix to prevent discomfort or pain.
Conscious sedation and/or general anesthesia are also commonly used.
The opening of the cervix is gradually stretched with a series of dilators. The thickest dilator used is about the width of a fountain pen.
A spoon-like instrument (curette) is used to scrape the walls of the uterus to remove the fetus, placenta and membranes.
A follow up appointment should be made with the doctor.

62. Methods used after 14 weeks (3)
FROM WEEKS (From weeks after the first day of the last normal menstrual period)
Abortion Methods: Labor Induction or Hysterotomy
Labor Induction
Labor induction may require a hospital stay.
Medicine is given to start labor in one of three ways: medicine is placed in the cervix, directly into the woman's vein or by inserting a needle through the mother's abdomen and into the amniotic sac (bag of waters).
If the afterbirth (placenta) is not completely removed during labor induction, the doctor must open the cervix and use suction or instrumental curettage.
Labor and delivery of the fetus during this period are similar to childbirth.
The duration of labor depends on the size of the baby and the readiness of the uterus.
Hysterotomy (similar to a Caesarean Section)
This method requires that the woman be admitted into a hospital.
A hysterotomy may be performed if labor cannot be started by inducing labor, or if the woman or her fetus is too sick to undergo labor.
A hysterotomy is the removal of the fetus by surgically cutting open the abdomen and uterus. Anesthetic medication, given intravenously or into the woman's back, or by breathing the anesthetic, is administered so the woman will not feel the pain of the surgery

63. FOCA: Freedom of Choice Act
What is the Legal Impact of FOCA?   FOCA creates a new and dangerously radical “right.” It establishes the right to abortion as a “fundamental right,” elevating it to the same status as the right to vote and the right to free speech (which, unlike the abortion license, are specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution).
Critically, in Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court did not define abortion as a “fundamental right.” And with the exception of one justice’s attempt in 1983 to distort the Court’s abortion jurisprudence by framing the abortion license as a “fundamental right,” the Court has not subsequently defined abortion as a “fundamental right.” Thus, FOCA goes beyond any Supreme Court decision in enshrining unlimited abortion-on-demand into American law.  
FOCA would also subject laws regulating or even touching on abortion to judicial review using a “strict scrutiny” framework of analysis. This is the highest standard American courts can apply and is typically reserved for laws impacting such fundamental rights as the right to free speech and the right to vote. Prior to the Supreme Court’s 1992 decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (which substituted the “undue burden” standard for the more stringent “strict scrutiny” analysis), abortion-related laws (such parental involvement for minors and minimum health and safety standards for abortion clinics) were almost uniformly struck down under “strict scrutiny” analysis. If enacted, FOCA would retroactively be applied to all federal and state abortion-related laws and would result in their invalidation.
Father Richard John Neuhaus, who sadly died this week, was a strong pro-life leader and even advised President Bush on pro-life matters and said of FOCA: 
"As abortion extremists put it, the woman has a right to a dead baby.”
“...the Freedom of Choice Act…would eliminate all state regulation of abortion–including waiting periods, parental notification, and other very modest measures–(and) leaves no doubt that (this is) on the farthest edge of abortion extremism," he said.

64. FOCA 2
What is the Practical Impact of FOCA?   In elevating abortion to a fundamental right, FOCA poses an undeniable and irreparable danger to common-sense laws supported by a majority of Americans. Among the more than 550 federal and state laws that FOCA would nullify are:
Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
Hyde Amendment (restricting taxpayer funding of abortions)
Restrictions on abortions performed at military hospitals
Restrictions on insurance coverage for abortion for federal employees
Informed consent laws
Reasonable waiting periods
Parental consent and notification laws
Health and safety regulations for abortion clinics
Requirements that licensed physicians perform abortions
“Delayed enforcement” laws (banning abortion when Roe v. Wade is overturned and/or the authority to restrict abortion is returned to the states)

65. FOCA 3 Bans on partial-birth abortion
Bans on abortion after viability . FOCA’s apparent attempt to limit post-viability abortions is illusory. Under FOCA, post-viability abortions are expressly permitted to protect the woman’s “health.” Within the context of abortion, “health” has been interpreted so broadly that FOCA would not actually proscribe any abortion before or after viability.
Limits on public funding for elective abortions (thus, making American taxpayers fund a procedure that many find morally objectionable)
Limits on the use of public facilities (such has public hospitals and medical schools at state universities) for abortions
State and federal legal protections for individual healthcare providers who decline to participate in abortions
Legal protections for religiously-affiliated hospitals who, while providing care to millions of poor and uninsured Americans, refuse to allow abortions within their facilities Notably, pro-abortion groups do not deny FOCA’s draconian impact:
Planned Parenthood has explained, "FOCA will supercede anti-choice laws that restrict the right to choose, including laws that prohibit the public funding of abortions for poor women or counseling and referrals for abortions. Additionally, FOCA will prohibit onerous restrictions on a woman's right to choose, such as mandated delays and targeted and medically unnecessary regulations."