1. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 1 Sick or Health? The building saga

2. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 2 Sick Building Syndrome a collection of certain specific complaints and symptoms experienced by workers during or after a stay in certain building spaces Source: E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. Codex Medicus. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4

3. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 3 Source: http://www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.html

4. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 4 Sick Buildings & Bad Dwellings In control: ‘Bad’ – No control ‘Sick’ 1. Actual Use 2. Maintenance 3. Finishing and Furnishing 4. Renovation / Expansion 5. Move out / Change job (‘Bad’) Owner > Tenant > Employee (‘Sick’)

5. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 5 Sick Building Symptoms Dry eyesDry eyes Dry throatDry throat HeadacheHeadache Dry skinDry skin Mucous membrane irritationMucous membrane irritation LethargyLethargy Asthmatic symptomsAsthmatic symptoms

6. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 6 A Sick Building forms an environment that does not answer to the human need for: - Absence of Pathogens - Absence of other biotic, chemical or physical Pollutants - Thermal Comfort - Lighting Comfort - Acoustic Comfort - Sufficient Space, Privacy, Peace, Quiet, Control - Contact with outdoors (view, sound, smell, air quality) Source: PA Vroon 1991. Ziekmakende Gebouwen en de evolutie van de mens. Bouwfysica 2(2):18-25; E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. Codex Medicus. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4

7. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 7 A Healthy Building forms an environment that - Has a Low Risk for negative health effects - Makes Healthy Behaviour self-evident - Compensates for disease or infirmity present - Stimulates users to realise their ambitions - Leaves Users Master of the situation

8. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 8 Ergonomics is a domain of science dealing with the application of information on physical and psychological characteristics of persons to the design of devices & systems for human use Source: ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA; http://www.britannica.com/

9. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 9 Building Assessment Health aspect Assessment method Physical, chemical biological measurements Check user interfaces Questionnaire / Interview Low health risk xxx Supporting healthy behaviour 0xx Compensates0xx Stimulates ambitions 00x Leave end-users master 0xx Building-in-use method = repeated questionnaires

10. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 10 Physical, Chemical, Biological ‘Simple’ measurements -Temperature (air, global, surfaces) -Humidity -Light & lighting for visual and biological effects -Sound and noise -Geometrics and sizes -Carbon dioxide, dust, other chemical pollutants -Allergens, pathogenic micro-organisms Combined with calculation - (Humidity) -Thermal comfort according to Fanger’s model -Acoustics (speech audibility, enjoying music) -Allergen production

11. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 11 Attacking Health-Problem related to Buildings Step 1Step 1: (Medical) diagnosis of health complaints  nuisance, disease Step 2Step 2: List building-related contributing factors  characteristics, maintenance Step 3Step 3: Construct and explanation model Step 4Step 4: Take measurements to validate the model  building physics, questionnaires Step 5Step 5: Advice accordingly Step 6Step 6: Assess new situation  improved?

12. December 7, 2005JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e, Eindhoven 12 Choosing your methodologies Step 1Step 1: Search Google Scholar Step 2Step 2: Search Science Direct Step 3Step 3: Search WebSpirs Step 4Step 4: Search Web-of-Science Reference Manager to manage your methodology information !