1. Costs and efficiency of manure application systems Ken Smith, ADAS Wolverhampton, UK Insert image here UNECE Expert Group on Ammonia Abatement, Braunschweig, 26-27 April 2007

2. “SPREADS” - Background Little information available on the real costs of manure spreading Perceived complexities and high costs contribute to lack of confidence in manures

3. SPReader Economic Analyses for Decision Support (SPREADS) developed by: expert knowledge published data field performance data Deals with financial and physical aspects

4. Spreading equipment and systems

5. SPREADS should be capable of: Representing all spreading systems Representing factors contributing to costs Easy use Easy updating to reflect changing economics and new machinery Capable of representing inefficiencies in spreading operations

6. SPREADS Decision Support System Design Pane Metrics Pane Report Pane Report indicates: ‘Loader has no driver’ Spreading costs reduced to £4.80 /tonne

7. Sensitivity analysis allows rapid assessment of impact of component levels on costs and work rate

8. SPREADS Decision Support System (a) Tanker - costs (b) Tanker - time requirement Effect of increasing farm size on estimated costs and time requirement

9. Efficiency and costings for slurry spreading by tanker on a large dairy unit

10. Comparison of FRV* of slurries with estimated costs of different application strategies (* N value estimated by MANNER)

11. SPREADS user information and feedback Limited distribution to c. 40+ consultants, researchers, contractors Use by BM consultants for costing farm operations Calculation of manure transport costs, N Ireland Agricultural and industrial waste management budget, Serbia Danube River Enterprise Pollution Reduction Feedback positive

12. Impact of distance on transport and spreading costs Slurry from 3000 place pig unit (Based on 14m 3 tanker and fast tractor, Sharp & Smith, 2005)

13. Impact of distance on transport and spreading costs - N Ireland Litter from 100,000 place broiler unit (Based on 14t trailer and fast tractor, Sharp & Smith, 2005)

14. World Bank Project, Serbia

15. SPREADS validation - costs of slurry application estimated by different sources (* Source: Farm Contractor & Large Scale Farmer)

16. SPREADS Decision Support System - Conclusions Covers all spreading machinery & systems Inefficiencies and high costs can be rapidly identified Initial validation against Dutch (CAESAR) model gave good agreement Potential for consultancy, contractor and policy application Proposals for further development, to improve ease of use and increase functionality