1. “Broadband over Power Lines” Prepared by Muneer Al-Marhoun Abdulrazaq Al-dandan

2. Outline  Definition  Broadband network  Advantages  Disadvantages  Conclusion

3. Broadband  What is Broadband (BPL)?  New technology that offers high speed Internet access service through electric outlets.

4. Broadband  BPL Modem

5. Broadband  What is the idea of Broadband?  Transmit data over the unused frequencies of the power lines.

6. Broadband Network  There are two proposals: 1- In-House BPL 2- Access BPL

7. Broadband Network  BPL uses power grid.  Power grid consists of power lines, generators, substations, transformers and other distributors.

8. Broadband Network ● Transmitting broadband through power grid  Problems 1- High-Voltage Lines

9. Broadband Network

10.  The range of high voltage is from 155,000 to 765,000 volts.  High voltages don’t have a constant frequency.  High voltages cause degradation of signals.

11. Broadband Network  How can BPL overcome this problem?  BPL uses medium-voltage power lines.  Medium-voltage lines is 7,200 volts.  Degradation is reduced.

12. Broadband Network 2- Degradation  Use repeaters on the transmission lines 3- Transformers  Data can't pass through transformers.

13. Broadband Network

14. BPL Protocols BPL Protocols  BPL suffers from high error rates.  CDMA and OFDM are used.

15. Broadband Network  There are two conditions to implement MAC: 1- The distance between nodes has no limits In this case, CSMA/CD is removed 2- More than one node may send data at the same time Here, CSMA/CA is used

16. BPL Advantages ●The backbone infrastructure already exists in the form of the electric power grid: form of the electric power grid:  Low cost

17. BPL Advantages ●Power lines can reach every consumer:  homes in extremely remote areas.  areas that cannot get DSL cable or wireless broadband. broadband.

18. BPL Advantages ●Bandwidth comparable to or better than DSL:  2 Mbps up to 10 Mbps  May be sufficient to support VoIP  Doubled in the next generation

19. BPL Disadvantages ●Standardization:  There is not yet an IEEE standard for BPL.  Single-carrier technologies (CDMA).  Multicarrier modulations (OFDM).  Some vendors’ BPL transceivers may interfere with each other in high deployment rate. each other in high deployment rate.

20. BPL Disadvantages ●Security:  Transmits on a shared medium (copper cable).  Many homes are connected to the same line.  Easier to hack sensitive data.

21. BPL Disadvantages ●Electric suppliers can have radial distribution feeders that are many miles long: feeders that are many miles long:  Many signal regenerators or repeaters must be combined in series to provide an acceptable performance.  Many regenerators in series may cause a reliability issue. If a mid-stream device fails, all subscribers beyond that point will be out of service.

22. BPL Disadvantages ●Power systems are inappropriate electromagnetic environments for broadband communications:  Network characteristics and devices ( impedances, grounding, regulators, capacitors) can affect signal grounding, regulators, capacitors) can affect signal strength and quality. strength and quality.  Nearby high frequency radiation sources may cause high frequency noise that interferes with BPL. high frequency noise that interferes with BPL.

23. BPL Disadvantages ●Power systems are inappropriate physical environments for broadband communications equipment.  Equipment will be exposed to extreme weather. weather.  Equipment will be exposed to lightning.

24. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Capacity Connection Availability Reliability

25. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity Connection Availability Reliability

26. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity 128Kbps also make and take telephone calls while online 1 Mbps Downstream, 256 Kbps Upstream BPL now supports higher data rates such as 4-10 Mbps. Connection Availability Reliability

27. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity 128Kbps also make and take telephone calls while online 1 Mbps Downstream, 256 Kbps Upstream BPL now supports higher data rates such as 4-10 Mbps. ConnectionDedicated Shared Availability Reliability

28. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity 128Kbps also make and take telephone calls while online 1 Mbps Downstream, 256 Kbps Upstream BPL now supports higher data rates such as 4-10 Mbps. ConnectionDedicated Shared AvailabilityOn demand only Not all users are close enough to their end office to get DSL. Power Grid is everywhere. Reliability

29. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity 128Kbps also make and take telephone calls while online 1 Mbps Downstream, 256 Kbps Upstream BPL now supports higher data rates such as 4-10 Mbps. ConnectionDedicated Shared AvailabilityOn demand only Not all users are close enough to their end office to get DSL. Power Grid is everywhere. Reliability Telephone network is generally more reliable than cable. It has power backup and continues to work normally even during power failures. Telephone network is generally more reliable than cable. It has power backup and continues to work normally even during power failures. If the power goes down, obviously no data will be sent.

30. CONCLUSION ComparisonISDNDSLBPL Transmission Media Twisted Pair Electrical Power Lines Capacity 128Kbps also make and take telephone calls while online 1 Mbps Downstream, 256 Kbps Upstream BPL now supports higher data rates such as 4-10 Mbps. ConnectionDedicated Shared AvailabilityOn demand only Not all users are close enough to their end office to get DSL. Power Grid is everywhere. Reliability Telephone network is generally more reliable than cable. It has power backup and continues to work normally even during power failures. Telephone network is generally more reliable than cable. It has power backup and continues to work normally even during power failures. If the power goes down, obviously no data will be sent.