1. Methods for determining gene function Study the effects of disrupting gene function (ap3 mutants) Examine the expression of the gene (GUS, In situ)

2. Methods for examining the expression of a gene Reporter construct (AP1::GUS) Pros: Easy, sensitive, can be used to define promoter region. Cons: Indirect, only tells you where the promoter sequences you’ve selected express the fused GUS reporter. This does not necessarily correspond to the actual expression pattern of the gene of interest. It also requires transgenic plants.

3. In Situ Hybridization Molecular technique that allows one to detect localization of mRNA in a tissue Pros: -Represents the best estimate of the actual expression pattern of a gene -Does not require the production of transgenic plants Cons: -Can be technically challenging -The expression of some genes is difficult to detect -Cannot be used to determine promoter region

4. An example of AGAMOUS expression the an inflorescence

5. SEEDSTICK::GUS is expressed in carpels

6. SEEDSTICK::GUS is expressed in ovules

7. AP1 RNA is expressed in flower meristems FM SAMFM

8. AP1::GUS is expressed in flower meristems

9. AG RNA is expressed in cells that will form stamens and carpels petal sepal carpel leaf sepal stamen

10. FUL::GUS is expressed in valves

11. FRUITFULL RNA accumulates in valves valve

12. FRUITFULL RNA accumulates in valves valvereplum

13. IND::GUS is positively regulated by SHATTERPROOF wild typeshatterproof replum valve