1. Canadian Geography 1202 2.2 Human-Environmental Interactions in Selected Ecozones

2. Overview In this section we will explore how humans use resources to meet their needs in various ecosystems We will focus on: Resource use Settlement Communication Transportation Recreation

3. Resource Use Resource: Anything that can be used by people to help meet needs or wants Boreal Shield: The abundant forest is the main resource in the Boreal Shield. Forestry is the main economic activity. Mixedwood Plains: Rich soils make the mixedwood plains the most productive farming area in Canada Mixedwood Plains: Rich soils make the mixedwood plains the most productive farming area in Canada Montane Cordillera: The rich forests and mineral wealth of the mountains combine to give his ecozone both forestry and mining as profitable economic activities. Montane Cordillera: The rich forests and mineral wealth of the mountains combine to give his ecozone both forestry and mining as profitable economic activities.

4. Resource Use The Southern Arctic: People in the southern arctic rely on oil and gas, mining and subsistence hunting to meet their needs. The Southern Arctic: People in the southern arctic rely on oil and gas, mining and subsistence hunting to meet their needs. The Prairie: Farming has been the most important economic activity on the Prairies. There has also been a lot of oil and gas development here. The Prairie: Farming has been the most important economic activity on the Prairies. There has also been a lot of oil and gas development here. The Atlantic: The fishery is the most important resource in this ecozone, traditionally the cod fishery was the most important. Now other species are exploited. The Atlantic: The fishery is the most important resource in this ecozone, traditionally the cod fishery was the most important. Now other species are exploited.

5. Settlement Boreal Shield: The rivers and lakes of the Boreal Shield have guided settlement. They have provided transportation networks for the people who have lived there. Boreal Shield: The rivers and lakes of the Boreal Shield have guided settlement. They have provided transportation networks for the people who have lived there. Mixedwood Plains: This is where the biggest cities in Canada have always been. Rich farming, and industry draw people to this ecozone Settlement grouped near lakes and streams Montane Cordillera: Settlement in this area has followed the forestry industry. People live in isolated cities within the mountain valleys Connected by roads and rivers that flow through the mountains. Montane Cordillera: Settlement in this area has followed the forestry industry. People live in isolated cities within the mountain valleys Connected by roads and rivers that flow through the mountains.

6. Settlement The Southern Arctic: One of the most sparsely populated areas of the world. Consists of mostly Inuit (80%) who have always lived in this ecozone. The Southern Arctic: One of the most sparsely populated areas of the world. Consists of mostly Inuit (80%) who have always lived in this ecozone. The Prairie: The population of the prairie is mostly rural. This is a result of the farming industry. There are several service centers that have grown into cities that provide support for farmers. The Prairie: The population of the prairie is mostly rural. This is a result of the farming industry. There are several service centers that have grown into cities that provide support for farmers.

8. Transportation The Boreal Shield: The vast system of lakes and rivers provide a means of transportation in the Boreal Shield. Logging has created a landscape scarred with many woods roads. The Boreal Shield: The vast system of lakes and rivers provide a means of transportation in the Boreal Shield. Logging has created a landscape scarred with many woods roads. Mixedwood Plains: The mixedwood plains rely on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence river as a means of providing transportation. Vast road networks have been set up to help reduce traffic around populated areas. Montane Cordillera: The rough landscape of this area has created many issues for transportation. Roads must be carefully planned. The landscape restricts transportation. Montane Cordillera: The rough landscape of this area has created many issues for transportation. Roads must be carefully planned. The landscape restricts transportation.

9. Boreal Shield

11. Transportation : Mixedwood Plain The Great Lakes provide an access point for national and international trade Ports provide the location where farmers can ship their product to international markets Extensive road networks connect farmers to service centers like London

12. Mixedwood Plain One of the many highways that connect farmland to urban centers in Southern Ontario

13. Mixedwood Plain Silos allow for storage of product while waiting for shipment

14. Montane Cordillera

16. Transportation The Southern Arctic: Traditionally the people in the southern arctic Have relied heavily on water for transportation. Goods are brought By boat or by air. The Southern Arctic: Traditionally the people in the southern arctic Have relied heavily on water for transportation. Goods are brought By boat or by air. The Prairie: Roads and railways have been the most effective mode Of transportation for the prairie ecozone. The lack of waterways Limits the use of boats. The Prairie: Roads and railways have been the most effective mode Of transportation for the prairie ecozone. The lack of waterways Limits the use of boats.

17. Southern Arctic

18. Recreation Boreal Shield: People use the forest for hiking, hunting, fishing, canoeing, swimming, camping Boreal Shield: People use the forest for hiking, hunting, fishing, canoeing, swimming, camping Mixedwood Plain: This ecozone offers great opportunities for tourism; many people who live in the cities have cabins that they can escape to. Many of the same activities as in the boreal shield Montane Cordillera: uses including hiking, cycling, horseback riding and some hunting and fishing. Most of the major lakes are tourist attractions, because of the many beaches and hot summers of this ecozone. Montane Cordillera: uses including hiking, cycling, horseback riding and some hunting and fishing. Most of the major lakes are tourist attractions, because of the many beaches and hot summers of this ecozone.

19. Recreation Southern Arctic: There is some tourism in this region, people hunt and fish to pass the time. Southern Arctic: There is some tourism in this region, people hunt and fish to pass the time. The prairies: Hiking, biking, off-roading,

20. Boreal Shield

21. Communication