3. STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

4. STATES OF MATTER  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

5. Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of molecules which are in continual random motion.

6. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Molecules of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

7. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID  Molecules of liquids are tightly packed, but not as much as solids  Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Heat

8. STATES OF MATTER GAS  Molecules of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have indefinite volume and take the shape of their container. Heat

9. Mass The amount of matter something has Measured in grams

10. Volume How much space something takes up Measured in liters or cm-3

11. Length Distance between 2 points Measured in Meters

12. Physical Properties Properties that can be observed without changing a substance Examples

13. Physical Properties Properties that can be observed without changing a substance Examples Color, odor, hardness, shine, conduct electricity, magnetic STATE or PHASE density

14. Density What is density?

15. Density What is density? The amount of mass in a certain amount of space

17. Density You can even determine the relative densities of liquids by the layers that are formed when they are mixed, or what floats upon what. More dense substances sink. More dense substances sink. Less dense substances float. Less dense substances float.

18. Physical Changes

19. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

20. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

21. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

22. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA  A plasma is a gas that the electrons and neutrons are free from the atom.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

23. STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

24. Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

25. 2. Lightning

26. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

27. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

29. COLD PLASMA

30. COLD PLASMA PEN