1. Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e Section VII: Concept 19 The Use and Abuse of Alcohol Alcohol is among the most widely used and destructive drugs and ranks high among causes of health problems and death in our culture.

2. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e2 Alcohol & Alcoholic Beverages Contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Addictive drug Addictive drug Classified as a depressant Classified as a depressant As blood alcohol concentration (BAC) decreases  depressant As blood alcohol concentration (BAC) decreases  depressant As BAC increases  stimulant As BAC increases  stimulant More synonyms for the word drunk or intoxication than any other word in the English language More synonyms for the word drunk or intoxication than any other word in the English language

3. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e3 Alcohol Content in Drinks Beer: 5% alcohol X 12 oz =.48 oz alcohol Wine: 12% alcohol X 4 oz =.48 oz alcohol Whiskey: 40% alcohol X 1.25 oz =.5 oz alcohol All three have the same alcohol content despite different volumes

4. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e4 Factors Determining the Effects of Alcohol How much was consumed How much was consumed Rate of consumption Rate of consumption What is in stomach What is in stomach Presence of carbonation Presence of carbonation Mood status Mood status Sex Sex Lab 19a information

5. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e5 Rate of Alcohol Removal Liver can process.25 oz of alcohol per hour (1-2 hrs to process 1 drink) Liver can process.25 oz of alcohol per hour (1-2 hrs to process 1 drink) Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is measured as a % Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is measured as a % BAC decreases by about.015% per hr BAC decreases by about.015% per hr Risk in driving increases when BAC is between 0.01 and 0.04% Risk in driving increases when BAC is between 0.01 and 0.04% Legal limit is.08% (Minnesota – last state to adopt this standard, Aug 05) Legal limit is.08% (Minnesota – last state to adopt this standard, Aug 05)

6. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e6 Health Consequences Heavy drinking  fatty liver (can be reversible) Heavy drinking  fatty liver (can be reversible) Alcoholic Hepatitis – destruction of tissue, development of scar tissue; still reversible Alcoholic Hepatitis – destruction of tissue, development of scar tissue; still reversible Alcoholic Cirrhosis – permanent scarring of the liver; not reversible Alcoholic Cirrhosis – permanent scarring of the liver; not reversible

7. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e7 Health Consequences Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Hypertension) Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Hypertension) Increased risk of cancer (liver, stomach, colon, pancreas, breast, mouth, throat) Increased risk of cancer (liver, stomach, colon, pancreas, breast, mouth, throat) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) –Most well-known neuropsychiatric disease associated with alcohol consumption Impaired immune system Impaired immune system Malnutrition Malnutrition Reproductive problems Reproductive problems Click here for info from Nat. Institute of alcohol abuse and Alcoholism

8. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e8 Health Benefits Moderate consumption (not for everyone) Moderate consumption (not for everyone) –1 drink/day for women –Up to 2 drinks/day for men Decreased risk for CHD, Type II diabetes, and certain types of stroke Decreased risk for CHD, Type II diabetes, and certain types of stroke Unclear as to exact mechanisms Unclear as to exact mechanisms –Moderate drinker characteristics Higher education and income Higher education and income Better diet and more regular exercise Better diet and more regular exercise –Reduced blood clotting –Increased HDL levels

9. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e9 Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol Use Contributes to 50% of all motor vehicle fatalities Contributes to 50% of all motor vehicle fatalities Contributes to unsafe sex and increased risk of AIDS Contributes to unsafe sex and increased risk of AIDS Contributes to risky behavior and accidental death Contributes to risky behavior and accidental death Click here for info from MADD site

10. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e10 Social Consequences of Alcohol Use on Campus 80% of campus vandalism involved alcohol 80% of campus vandalism involved alcohol 70% of violent behavior on campus involved alcohol 70% of violent behavior on campus involved alcohol 75% of men and 55% of women involved in acquaintance rape were under the influence of alcohol 75% of men and 55% of women involved in acquaintance rape were under the influence of alcohol Click here for info from the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

11. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e11 Alcohol Consumption & Abuse Alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse Alcohol dependence Alcohol dependence Tolerance Tolerance –“ I can hold my liquor; You ’ re a lightweight ” Withdrawal Withdrawal –Anxiety, increased HR, sweating, hand tremors, nausea, vomiting –Can lead to hallucinations and grand mal seizures

12. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e12 College Students & Drinking ~80% of college students drink ~80% of college students drink Significant public health problem Significant public health problem

13. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e13 Academic Consequences of Alcohol Use 40% of poor academic performance at college has been linked to drinking 40% of poor academic performance at college has been linked to drinking 7% of first year dropouts are related to alcohol 7% of first year dropouts are related to alcohol Alcohol intake is inversely related to GPA Alcohol intake is inversely related to GPA

14. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e14 Rates of Drinking on College Campuses (Data from 17,542 students from 140 Colleges) MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN Non-drinkers15%16% Occasional Drinker35%45% Binge Drinker *50%39% * Binge drinking was defined as having 5 drinks in a row at least once every 2 weeks. See Web19-3 for more information about drinking rates on campuses

15. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e15 Attitudes and Perceptions toward Alcohol on Campus 95% of students believe that the average student drinks alcohol weekly 95% of students believe that the average student drinks alcohol weekly 30% of students indicated they would prefer NOT to have alcohol at parties 30% of students indicated they would prefer NOT to have alcohol at parties Web19-3

16. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e16 Why People Start Drinking Peer pressure Peer pressure Need to belong and be accepted Need to belong and be accepted Media depiction of drinking Media depiction of drinking Easy access (often at home) Easy access (often at home) Absence of religious attachment Absence of religious attachment Cultural / sociological traditions Cultural / sociological traditions Social "lubrication" Social "lubrication" Makes one "feel good" Makes one "feel good"

17. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e17 Trends in Youth Alcohol Use (High School Students) Youth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online Database

18. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e18 Trends in Binge Drinking Among High School Youth Youth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online Database

19. What factors are contributing to the decline in alcohol use and abuse? Will it continue?

20. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e20 Steps to Being a Responsible Drinker Limit number of drinks Limit number of drinks Drink less than 1 per 90 min. Drink less than 1 per 90 min. Sip slowly Sip slowly Eat lots of protein/starch Eat lots of protein/starch Avoid carbonated drinks Avoid carbonated drinks Measure drinks carefully Measure drinks carefully Don't drive if intoxicated Don't drive if intoxicated Lab 19b information

21. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e21 How to Help a Friend with a Drinking Problem Plan a time to talk with person about it Plan a time to talk with person about it Confront behavior - not the individual! Confront behavior - not the individual! Use "I" not "you" in statements Use "I" not "you" in statements Don't judge, blame or lecture Don't judge, blame or lecture Be genuine, kind, and honest Be genuine, kind, and honest Be prepared for denial or rejection Be prepared for denial or rejection Have referral resources available Have referral resources available

22. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e22 Web Resources “On the Web” pages for Concept Online Learning Center Online Learning Center

23. Supplemental Graphics Lab Information

24. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e24 Lab 19a Information Blood Alcohol Levels Go through calculations to estimate your blood alcohol content. Go through calculations to estimate your blood alcohol content. Discuss whether you were surprised by the figures and whether it may influence your drinking behavior. Discuss whether you were surprised by the figures and whether it may influence your drinking behavior. Return to presentation

25. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e25 Lab 19b Information Perceptions about Alcohol Use Evaluate the drinking behavior of yourself or a person close to you. Evaluate the drinking behavior of yourself or a person close to you. How would you classify yourself or your friend regarding drinking behavior. How would you classify yourself or your friend regarding drinking behavior. Would others view you or your friend the same way? Would others view you or your friend the same way? Return to presentation