1. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 1 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design Spring 2007 Introduction Vishwani D. Agrawal James J. Danaher Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~vagrawal vagrawal@eng.auburn.edu

2. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 2 Course Organization Text book: D. A. Patterson and J. L. Hennessy, Computer Organization & Design, the Hardware/Software Interface, San Francisco, California: Morgan Kaufman Publishers, Inc., 2005 (Third Edition). Instructor: Vishwani D. Agrawal, Broun 323, x41853, vagrawal@eng.auburn.edu. vagrawal@eng.auburn.edu Graduate Assistants: Nitin Yogi, MWF 12:00-1:00PM, Broun 362, 334-444-9713, yoginit@auburn.edu. yoginit@auburn.edu Khushboo Sheth, Broun 359, x41865, shethkh@auburn.edu. shethkh@auburn.edu Classroom: Broun 306, MWF 11:00-11:50AM. Lab: Broun 320.

3. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 3 Author of the Text Book Communications of the ACM, Volume 49, No. 4, April 2006, Page 31

4. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 4 Author of the Text Book

5. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 5 Student Performance Evaluation Homeworks (30%): 1 per week, most weeks. Two Class Tests (24%): to be announced. CPU Design Project (21%). Final Exam (25%): Tuesday, May 2, 2008, 9-11:30AM, Broun 306. Term Paper and Class Presentation by ELEC6200 Students: “Satisfactory” grade necessary; attendance necessary for ELEC5200 students.

6. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 6 Course Objective Learn what a digital computer contains and how it works. Learn design concepts of a modern computer. Gain design experience (through project).

7. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 7 The Concept of a Computer Application software Programs user writes and runs Hardware Systems software Operating system compiler assembler User

8. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 8 Software Application software, a program in C: swap (int v[ ], int k) {int temp; temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; } MIPS compiler output, assembly language program: swap; muli$2,$5, 4 add$2,$4, $2 lw$15, 0 ($2) lw$16, 4 ($2) sw$16, 0 ($2) sw$15, 4 ($2) jr$31 MIPS binary machine code: 00000000101000010000000000011000 00000000000110000001100000100001 10001100011000100000000000000000 10001100111100100000000000000100 10101100111100100000000000000000 10101100011000100000000000000100 00000011111000000000000000001000 CompilerAssembler Application software Hardware Systems software See pages 122-123

9. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 9 The Hardware of a Computer Control Datapath Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) or “processor” Input Output FIVE EASY PIECES Application software Hardware Systems software

10. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 10 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) A set of assembly language instructions (ISA) provides a link between software and hardware. Given an instruction set, software programmers and hardware engineers work more or less independently. ISA is designed to extract the most performance out of the available hardware technology. Instruction set SoftwareHardware Application software Hardware Systems software

11. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 11 ISA Defines registers Defines data transfer modes between registers, memory and I/O Types of ISA: RISC, CISC, VLIW, Superscalar Examples: –IBM370/X86/Pentium/K6 (CISC) –PowerPC (Superscalar) –Alpha (Superscalar) –MIPS (RISC and Superscalar) –Sparc (RISC), UltraSparc (Superscalar)

12. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 12 Computer Architecture Architecture: System attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program Architecture is visible to a programmer: –Instruction set –Data representation –I/O mechanisms –Memory addressing

13. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 13 Computer Organization Organization: Physical details that are transparent to a programmer, such as –Hardware implementation of an instruction –Control signals –Memory technology used Example: System/370 architecture has been used in many IBM computers, which widely differ in their organization.

14. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 14 Architecture and Organization Software Programmers Hardware Engineers ISA

15. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 15 CPU Design Project Design and implementation of a processor: –Define instruction set –Design datapath and control hardware –Implement hardware in FPGA –Verify

16. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 16 Research and Development Instruction level parallelism (ILP) Chip multi-processing (CMP) Energy efficiency and low power design Embedded systems Network processing

17. Spring 2008, Jan. 14 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 2 17 Summary A computer processes digital data. A user solves a problem by writing and/or running a program written in a high-level programming language like C. Inside computer, system programs called compiler and assembler break the user program down into assembly code (instruction set) and then into binary machine code. The machine code is processed by the 5-piece hardware (control unit, datapath, memory, input and output) to obtain the desired result.