1. Greenhouse Gases and Waste Management Michael Cant Golder Associates Ltd. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015

2. OUTLINE Canadian Carbon Emissions Globally Ontario Carbon Emissions Waterloo LCA Results Ontario Climate Change Strategy Conclusions

3. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 CANADIAN CARBON EMISSIONS GLOBALLY Carbon EmissionsEmission Intensity t/capita - Top 30 - Top 20 - Top 20 - Top 10 - Top 10 - Top 5

4. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Global Carbon Emissions Country% of Global Carbon Emissions Emission Intensity t / capita China247.1 USA1516.4 European Union107.3 India5.71.6 Russian Federation5.412.4 Japan3.010.4 Brazil2.62.3 Indonesia1.92.0 Iran1.65.3 Canada1.616.0

5. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Canada’s Waste Emissions Since 1990 YearTotal kt CO² eq Waste * kt CO² eq Waste as % 1990613,00024,0004.0 2000745,00026,0003.4 2005749,00028,0003.7 2009699,00028,0004.0 2010707,00027,0003.8 2011709,00026,0003.7 2012715,00026,0003.6 2013726,00025,0003.4 * Defined as solid waste disposed on land, waste water handling, waste incineration.

6. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 ONTARIO’s WASTE EMISSIONS SINCE 1990 YearTotal kt CO² eqWaste * kt CO² eqWaste as % 1990182,0007,5004.1 2000211,0008,6004.0 2005211,0009,6004.5 2009171,0009,4005.5 2010178,0009,1005.1 2011175,0009,3005.3 2012171,0009,2005.4 2013171,0009,0005.2 * Does not include the yearly average of 2.5 million tonnes shipped to U.S. since 2008 (40% of Ontario disposal).

7. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Ontario represents 24% of Canada’s Emissions

8. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Differences in Emissions Between Recycled & Virgin Manufacture

9. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Waterloo Waste Systems LCA by tonnes CO² eq Everything to landfill 60,300 52% Residential diversion, landfill 7,800 60% Residential diversion, landfill 5,100 52% Residential diversion, thermal, landfill - 19,000 52% Residential diversion, MBT, landfill - 28,900 52,500 tonnes reduced through diversion 55,200 tonnes with 60% diversion 79,300 tonnes reduced by adding thermal 89,300 tonnes reduced with MBT

10. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 GHG Reductions by kt CO² eq 52% Residential diversion, landfill - 1,200 60% Residential diversion - 1,270 (- 70) Thermal - 1,800 (-600) MBT - 2,100(-900) Remember these numbers only represent 1/3 of the waste. What would they look like if we could increase IC&I diversion to 60%?

11. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Ontario’s Greenhouse Gas Commitments Target Year % Below 1990 Levels GHG Target (Mt) 20146%167 202015%150 205080%35 177 Mt (1990)

12. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Ontario’s GHG Roadmap: Long Term Ontario is on track to achieve the 2014 target (167 Mt) Ontario is on track to achieve nearly 70% of the 2020 reduction target (150 Mt) Need more efforts to Reduce GHGs - Putting a price on carbon - Establishing interim emission reduction targets

13. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Cap and Trade Few waste facilities required to report under Cap & Trade Potential benefits to the waste industry are the creation of offsets: Flares or gas collection at landfills Composting Anaerobic digestion and other organic diversion Recycling activities (IC&I) Low carbon fuel on energy replacements Fleet fuel conversions

14. MWA Spring Workshop May 2015 Conclusion Significant GHG reduction has already occurred through diversion programs in Ontario. Increasing diversion across all sectors with results in a decrease in GHG emissions. The waste industry has a role to play in meeting Ontario’s GHG targets. Waste industry needs to participate in the identification and development of offset protocols.

15. Questions? Michael Cant mcant@golder.com 905-723-2727