1. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Click to continue Hodder Education Revision Lessons Inequalities in service provision

2. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Click to continue Inequalities in service provision Urban areas offer a range of different services, such as: leisure centres and parks museums, art galleries and theatres hospitals and clinics schools, colleges and universities places of worship, e.g. churches, mosques, synagogues public transport Rural areas will only have a small range of important services.

3. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Click to continue Access to services Not everyone living in a city has equal access to services. People living on the edge of the city might have to travel a long way to access services. People who work might find it difficult to access services that are only open 9–5. People on a low income might find it difficult to afford to access services like leisure centres and theatres. Some buildings are not accessible to those with physical disabilities. Task: Make a list of different services in your area and decide who might find it difficult to access these services.

4. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 The British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA) and the Rural Shops Alliance (RSA) have joined forces to try to highlight the problem of closing rural services. In addition to shops and pubs, rural parts of the UK are also losing public transport, village schools and post offices. Click to continue Access to services in rural areas Jeff Morgan 06/Alamy

5. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 The population is getting older. Young people are having to move away because they can’t afford to live in rural areas any more. More people are buying second homes or holiday homes and are only in the rural area for weekends or holidays. Some people commute out of the rural area to work in urban areas and use the services there. Click to continue Why are so many rural services closing?

6. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Click to continue How will a decline in rural services affect quality of life? Answer the following questions: (1) How will the closure of shops and pubs affect other businesses and services in the village? (2) How will the closure of public transport affect the elderly? (3) How will the closure of village schools affect families?

7. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Click to continue (1) How will the closure of shops and pubs affect other businesses and services in the village? They might close because fewer people are shopping in the village. They might gain more customers if shoppers have less choice. (2) How will the closure of public transport affect the elderly? They will find it difficult to access services outside of the area such as hospitals, so they might have to pay for taxis or even move out of the area. (3) How will the closure of village schools affect families? It will be stressful as there will be a longer journey to the nearest school. It will also be more expensive for petrol and difficult for families who don’t own a car. How will a decline in rural services affect quality of life?

8. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Village shops, pubs and garages are offered a 50% discount in rates if they can prove that they provide a community benefit. Rural healthcare gets money for mobile units to get to people living in isolated areas. Parish councils get money to set up car clubs, bus and taxi services. Schools can provide breakfast clubs, after-school clubs and adult education classes. These are also open in school holidays to help parents at work. Ask for volunteers to work in the local shop for an hour or two a week to keep the service open. Charities can help fund a manager for the shop. Click to continue How can rural services be protected?

9. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Sample answerExaminer commentsEven better if (EBI) Shops and services are closing ‘Services’ is too vague — give an example. No groups of people are mentioned. No impact on quality of life Village schools are closing and this means children have to go somewhere else and this can affect their education The candidate has named a service — good! ‘Affect’ is too vague Rural services like pubs close, so no one socialises The candidate has named a service — good! They have not given a group of people. No impact on quality of life 1 Explain how rural services closing can affect the quality of life for different groups of people. 2Complete the EBI column to show how the answer could be improved following the examiner comments. Click to continue Exam practice

10. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Sample answerExaminer commentsEven better if (EBI) Shops and services are closing ‘Services’ is too vague – give an example. No groups of people are mentioned. No impact on quality of life Services like public transport are lost. so the elderly will find it difficult to access shops and healthcare outside the village Village schools are closing and this means children have to go somewhere else and this can affect their education The candidate has named a service – good! ‘Affect’ is too vague If the village school closes, children will have to travel further to the nearest school and this means expensive travel costs and families might be more stressed because it takes longer to get there Rural services like pubs close, so no one socialises The candidate has named a service – good! They have not given a group of people. No impact on quality of life If pubs close, the local residents won’t socialise and this will mean that the community spirit is worse and people are less happy living in the village Click to continue Exam practice continued

11. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Sample answerExaminer commentsEven better if (EBI) Stop rural shops closing, so people can’t get essentials like milk How can they stop shops closing? Get volunteers in to run the shops There is no explanation — why is this a good idea? Have mobile clinics and get a minibus to get to services Two good ideas, but no explanation. ‘Services’ is too vague 1Explain how rural communities could try to protect their services from closure and decline. 2Complete the EBI column to show how the answer could be improved following the examiner comments. Click to continue Exam practice

12. WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 1 Topic 3 Sample answerExaminer commentsEven better if (EBI) Stop rural shops closing, so people can’t get essentials like milk How can they stop shops closing? Merge services like pubs, post offices and shops so that the village has one successful business and is less likely to close Get volunteers in to run the shops There is no explanation — why is this a good idea? If volunteers run the shops, it means they don’t have to try and make a large profit to stay open Have mobile clinics and get a minibus to get to services Two good ideas, but no explanation. ‘Services’ is too vague Mobile clinics can have a larger catchment area than a normal clinic, so they are more likely to stay open. If shops offer other important services, e.g. internet cafes, they can get a tax break so it helps it stay open Exam practice continued