1. 4 th Six Weeks Review

2. Where did most people establish towns in Texas? Along rivers so that they had a fresh water source Along rivers so that they had a fresh water source

3. What did the Spanish, Czech, German, and African American cultures contribute to Texas? Spanish: A distinctive architecture Spanish: A distinctive architecture Czech: Cuisine, or food Czech: Cuisine, or food German: Music and language German: Music and language African American: Music and economic (cotton) African American: Music and economic (cotton)

4. How did the development of the railroad impact Texas? It allowed Texas to be able to ship and receive goods, and therefore, engage in commerce It allowed Texas to be able to ship and receive goods, and therefore, engage in commerce What does adverse mean? What does adverse mean? Contrary to one's interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable Contrary to one's interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable

5. What important inventions came about in the late 1800s? Glidden’s Barbed Wire: allowed farmers and ranchers to fence their property, cheaply and easily. It kept the crops from being eaten by cattle. It ended the open range. Glidden’s Barbed Wire: allowed farmers and ranchers to fence their property, cheaply and easily. It kept the crops from being eaten by cattle. It ended the open range. Whitney’s Cotton Gin: allowed cotton to quickly and easily be separated from the seeds Whitney’s Cotton Gin: allowed cotton to quickly and easily be separated from the seeds McCormick’s Reaper: Farm tool pulled by horses that harvested the crops McCormick’s Reaper: Farm tool pulled by horses that harvested the crops Colt Revolver: a pistol with a revolving cylinder containing several bullets which could be fired through a single barrel Colt Revolver: a pistol with a revolving cylinder containing several bullets which could be fired through a single barrel

6. What happened as a result of farmers using windmills to pump water in west Texas? Many of west Texas’s natural water sources dried up Many of west Texas’s natural water sources dried up

7. What impact did windmills have on west Texas? It kept settlers from having to rely on surface water sources It kept settlers from having to rely on surface water sources

8. Who were the Buffalo Soldiers? African American soldiers who fought on the frontier African American soldiers who fought on the frontier

9. What was the biggest problem that cattle ranchers faced? Rustlers Rustlers

10. What had the greatest impact on the growth of Texas cities in the late 1800s? The railroads coming to Texas The railroads coming to Texas

11. Why did the invention of barbed wire encourage settlers to move west? They were able to protect their crops from being eaten by the cattle. They were able to protect their crops from being eaten by the cattle.

12. What area did the Germans in Texas originally settle? In the Hill Country: Fredericksburg In the Hill Country: Fredericksburg

13. What were some of the pros and cons of barbed wire? Pros: Pros: –Kept cattle fenced in –Allowed farmers to protect their crops from cattle Cons: Cons: –It closed the open range

14. Why was the invention of the windmill so important? Windmills pumped water from underground sources so that ranchers did not have to rely on surface water sources Windmills pumped water from underground sources so that ranchers did not have to rely on surface water sources Wind is a renewable resource and can be harnessed and used to provide electricity Wind is a renewable resource and can be harnessed and used to provide electricity

15. Match the following people and events and put in chronological order: Charles Goodnight Charles Goodnight James K. Polk James K. Polk Sam Houston Sam Houston Stephen F. Austin Stephen F. Austin 1 st president of Republic of Texas 1 st president of Republic of Texas Owned the first cattle ranch in the Panhandle Owned the first cattle ranch in the Panhandle Formed a militia to protect Texas colonists Formed a militia to protect Texas colonists Was the president of the United States when Texas was annexed Was the president of the United States when Texas was annexed

16. What were the economic effects of oil drilling in Texas? Oil refining jobs in East Texas Oil refining jobs in East Texas Oil Drilling in West Texas Oil Drilling in West Texas Research and Development Research and Development

17. During what years did cattle drives in Texas take place? 1860-1920 1860-1920

18. Why is the Rio Grande so important to Texas? It is the southern most boundary for Texas and separates Texas and Mexico It is the southern most boundary for Texas and separates Texas and Mexico

19. Fredericksburg’s name was influenced by the culture that settled there. What culture was that? German German

20. Texas and other communities around the globe are dependant upon each other for what reason? Because the demand for oil continues to grow Because the demand for oil continues to grow

21. What resource caused the most change in Texas’s economic status in the early 1900s? Oil Oil