1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7 th edition Chapter 15 Speaking to Inform This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: · any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; · preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; · any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 “Not only is there an art in knowing a thing, but also a certain art in teaching it.” - Cicero

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Speeches to Inform Aimed at educating listeners. Convey information to others. Speakers “teach;” they:  define  illustrate  clarify  elaborate

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Goals of Informative Speaking To enhance understanding: convey ideas that can easily be interpreted and understood. To maintain interest: keep listeners engaged and intrigued. To be remembered: have listeners recall information long after the speech has ended.

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches About objects. About procedures. About people. About events. About ideas.

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches Objects Anything tangible, what you could see or touch. Could be arranged topically, spatially, or chronologically. Level of detail determined by speech time length.

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches Procedures How something works. Process leading to a certain outcome. Goal is to have audience describe, understand or follow procedure. Typically chronological.

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches People Famous or not. Be selective in details of person’s life. Pick significant aspects to discuss. Could be topical or chronological.

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches Events One you experienced or read about. Goal: to describe in concrete terms. Could be chronological or cause-effect.

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Types of Informative Speeches Ideas More abstract than others. Can address principles, concepts or theories. Can be topically arranged.

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding Speak with clarity. Appeal to adult learning. Clarify complex processes. Use effective visual reinforcement.

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding Speak with clarity Preview ideas in introduction. Show how ideas relate to each other. Summarize key ideas. Provide visual outline. Provide handout and room for notes. Stay on message.

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding Appeal to adult learning Pedagogy: teaching children. Andragogy: teaching adults. Information is of immediate use. Actively involve listeners. Show how information applies to listeners’ lives. Information should solve problems.

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding Clarify complex processes Analogies: comparing something new to something known, audience better visualizes. Vivid description: brings ideas to life with crisp details & concrete words. Word pictures paint images (appeal to senses).

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding Use effective visual reinforcement Pictures. Graphs. Posters. DVDs, CDs. Models.

16. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest Create motive for audience to listen. Tell a story. Present information that relates to listeners. Use the unexpected.

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest Establish a motive for the audience to listen Explain how topic is relevant for them. Pose rhetorical questions. Use words to engage listeners (“you,” “your”).

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest Tell a story Creates identification with listeners. Can include conflict. Can include action-packed details. Can keep people on the edge of their seats. Can incorporate humor.

19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest Present information that relates to your listeners Discuss how audience’s community can be affected. Show how topic relates to them presently or potentially.

20. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest Use the unexpected Create surprise. Build drama. Rhetorical questions stimulate suspense.

21. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall Build in redundancy. Make key ideas short and simple. Pace your information flow. Reinforce key ideas.

22. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall Build in redundancy Statements in introduction. Statements in conclusion. Internal summaries. Numeric signposts.

23. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall Make key ideas short and simple One-statement summary of speech. Audience more likely to remember shorter phrases.

24. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall Pace your information flow Too much too soon is bad. Distribute support evenly. Slow down. Less is more: fewer main points with more development is better.

25. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall Reinforce key ideas Verbally (“what I’m about to tell you is important…”) Nonverbally (gesture, slow down, speak louder)

26. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 A Sample Informative Speech Watch the video, and ask yourself: 1. What type of informative speech is this? (About objects? People? Events?, etc.) 2. Does the speaker motivate people to listen? 3. Does the speaker clarify complex ideas? 3. Are there appeals to adult learning? 4. Are ideas reinforced? 5. Is information well-paced? 6. Are ideas short and simple?

27. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 A Sample Informative Speech