1. Bowel and Bladder Control

2. Every child is an individual. What works for one child may not work for another!

3. Areas of Readiness MotorCognitive Language Toileting Skills

4. Areas of Readiness Motor  Able to squat without losing his/her balance  Able to dress/undress his/her self with limited help

5. Areas of Readiness Cognitive  Demonstrates imitative behaviors  Imagination  Able to sit down or play quietly for about 5 minutes

6. Areas of Readiness Language  Able to understand simple requests  Able to show his/her needs using words, signs or gestures  Can name urine and bowel movements

7. Areas of Readiness Toileting Skills  Able to stay dry for at least an hour or two  Awareness of what the toilet is for  Aware of being wet or soiled with consistent bowel movements  Not currently experiencing a stressful situation

8. Common Problems & Solutions  Resistance  Refusal  Was trained but has regressed

9. Resistance  Too many reminders  Too many lectures  Forced to sit on the toilet against their will  Punishment  Fear, anxiety or confusion  Physical pain

10.  Even small changes  Be careful not to push  Find ways to reinforce his/her independence

11. Helpful Strategies for Parents If they are having trouble…  Books and videos  Siblings  Monitor fluid intake  Use easy to remove clothing  Share what works at school  Reminders to remain calm and positive

12. More Advice for Parents  Expect accidents  Do not blame or threaten the child  Explain expectations (“Next time ask for help”)  Do not insist the child stay on the toilet more than a few minutes  Create a routine with the child

13. Bladder and bowel control usually follows a general pattern. 1.Children begin to indicate to parents that they are wetting or soiling their nappy. 2. Children then learn to indicate that they are about to wet or soil their nappy. 3.This will allow parents to put the child on a potty.

14. REMEMBER: Don’t start before they are ready. Never force a child to use a potty or the toilet seat. Be patient.

15. Helpful tips: Praise/encourage/use sticker chart Don’t give bribes Put on the potty at apropriate times e.g. as soon as the child wakes up/after a meal. Make sure the potty is easily accessible. Learn to recognise signals when a child needs the toilet/ keep asking. Allow child to play with clean dry potty/familiarity. Sit with child/read to child to help them relax Provide clothing that is easy to lift up/pull down. Buy interesting/colourful potty and pants- let them choose. Use training pants.

16. Traditional Types of potty

17. Toilet seats and steps

18. Books/Resources  Your New Potty by Joanne Cole  Oh Oh! Gotta Go! By Bob Mc Grath  The Princess and the Potty by Wendy Cheyette Lewison  When You’ve Got to Go! by Mitchell Kriegman  The Potty Book for Boys/Girls by Alyssa Satin Capucill  Potty Time by Guido van Genechten  All By Myself by Anna Grossnickle Hines  Once Upon a Potty by Alona Frankel  Everyone Poops by Taro Gomi  A Potty for Me!: A Lift-the-Flap Instruction Manual by Karen Katz