1. Unit 1: Interactions within Ecosystems pg. 2 Chapters 1, 2, 3

2. Getting Started pg. 4 Ecology ◦ “eco” means “home” in Greek ◦ “ology” means “the study of” ◦ Is the study of our home  Earth which includes living things and how they interact with their surroundings.

3. What is an Ecosystem? Local Area : Pond, Meadow, Wetland, River, Forest, Coastline Living ThingsLocal Conditions

4. Chapter 1: Ecosystems pg. 6 Ecosystem ◦ Is a place that includes all the living and nonliving things ◦ Living things are called “biotic factors” ◦ Nonliving things or conditions are called “abiotic factors” ◦ Interaction exists between biotic and abiotic factors ◦ Ex: coastlines, oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, arctic, forests

5. 1.1: Types of Ecosystems pg. 8 Organisms: - are examples of living things - are found in all ecosystems - have adaptations which are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce - have specific habitats ex. Bacteria, salmon, duck, arctic hare, fox

6. Ex. Arctic Hare Adaptations: ◦ Are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce. ◦ Ex. Big ears, big front teeth, strong hind legs, coat color

7. Habitat Is the particular place where an organism lives ◦ Ex. Arctic hare live in arctic, barrens and forests

8. OrganismAdaptationHabitat Moose Whale Fox Frog Balsam Fir tree Blueberry Bush Butterfly

11. Abiotic Factors

12. Sunlight

13. Rain

14. Soil

15. Are nonliving parts of an ecosystem

18. Biotic Factors Are the living parts of an ecosystem Include all the organisms present and their “niche”(role an organism plays in its ecosystem).

19. Organisms

20. Predation

21. Competition

22. Competition

23. Symbiosis : Commensalism

24. Symbiosis: Parasitism

25. Symbiosis: Mutualism

27. 1.1: Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 8 1. Coastlines and Oceans 2. Freshwater rivers lakes ponds 3. Arctic 4. Forest

28. Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 10

29. 1. Coastlines and Oceans Where the Atlantic Ocean meets the land Biotic factors: ◦ Organisms : seaweed, barnacles, mussels, starfish, rock crabs, fish, seals whales, jellyfish, plankton, tuckamore ◦ Niche : where does each organism live? How does it get its food? How does it affect the environment?

31. Burnt Island

32. Cape St. Mary’s

33. Middle Cove Beach

34. Touch Tank : Logy Bay

35. Tuckamore

37. Biotic Factors of Deep Ocean

38. Abiotic Factors of Coastlines and Oceans 1. Light and light intensity ◦ Penetrates to 200m 2. Temperature ◦ From -1C to 10 C 3. Soil ◦ Mostly rocky, some sandy beaches 4. Air and wind ◦ Air is humid, strong sea breezes, lots of fog 5. Water ◦ Lots of waves, salty, tides, currents

42. 2. Freshwater Ecosystems Rivers, lakes ponds

43. Rennies Mill River, Windsor Lake, Hughs Pond

44. Abiotic Factors

45. Biotic Factors

46. 3. Arctic

48. Forests Mainly coniferous trees which keep their leaves all year long Grow well in acidic soil can survive long cold winters

49. Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Coniferous trees Deciduous trees Moose Caribou Fox Hare Black bears Lynx Pine marten Peat Blanket bogs Cool summers Wet winters

50. 1.2 Abiotic Parts of Ecosystem pg. 16 Range of Tolerance - range of conditions within which an organism can survive.

51. Precipitation and Living Organisms

52. Water Temperature and Turbidity

53. Ph of Water

54. Air Temperature and Plants

55. Temperature and Tree Growth

56. Wind and Tree Growth

57. Light and Light Intensity

58. Soil ph and Plants

59. Interactions Between Abiotic and Biotic factors: a. Abiotic – Abiotic Ex. Sunlight evaporates water b. Biotic – Abiotic Ex. Worms aerate soil c. Biotic – Biotic Ex. Insects eat plants

65. Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem pg. 24 Species : – refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves to produce offspring of the same type that can also reproduce successfully. ex. Moose, caribou, trout, salmon, fox, pine marten

66. Levels of Organization a. Individuals – one member of a specific species ex. goose b. Population – includes all the members of the same species that live together in one ecosystem at the same time. ex. Flock of geese

67. c. Community Includes all the populations that live together and interact with each other in the same ecosystem Ex. Geese, ducks, rabbits, moose, frogs all living next to a pond.

69. Niche Includes the role of a species plays in an ecosystem which includes: ◦ Where it lives ◦ How it gets food ◦ How it affects the environment ◦ How it interacts with other organisms

70. What is the role of the mushrooms?

71. What is the role of the eagle?

72. What is the role of each plant?