1. Unit 12: Abnormal Behavior

2. Unit 12 - Overview Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
Other Disorders
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

3. Module 65: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

4. Introduction How should we define psychological disorders?
How should we understand disorders?
How should we classify psychological disorders?

5. Defining Psychological Disorders

6. Defining Psychological Disorders
Disturbed behavior
Dysfunctional behavior
Maladaptive behavior
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

7. Understanding Psychological Disorders

8. Understanding Psychological Disorders The Medical Model
Philippe Pinel
Medical model
Mental illness (psychopathology)

9. Understanding Psychological Disorders The Biopsychosocial Approach
Interaction of nature and nurture
Influence of culture on disorders

10. Classifying Psychological Disorders

11. Classifying Psychological Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
DSM-5
Diagnostic labels
Criticisms of the DSM

12. Labeling Psychological Disorders

13. Labeling Psychological Disorders
Rosenhan’s study
Power of labels
Preconception can stigmatize
Stereotypes of the mentally ill
Insanity

14. Rates of Psychological Disorders

15. Rates of Psychological Disorders

17. Module 66: Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

18. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorders
Phobias

19. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

20. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2/3 women
Continual worry, jittery, agitated and sleep deprived
Free floating anxiety

21. Panic Disorder

22. Panic Disorder
Panic disorder
Panic attacks

23. Phobias

24. Specific Phobia Phobias Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder
Agoraphobia

25. Phobias

26. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

27. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An obsession versus a compulsion
Checkers
Hand washers

28. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

29. Trauma Stressor and Related Disorders

30. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD
“shellshock” or “battle fatigue”
Not just due to a war situation
Post-traumatic growth

31. Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD

32. Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD The Learning Perspective
Classical and operant conditioning
Stimulus generalization
Reinforcement
Observational learning
Cognition

33. Natural selection Genes The Brain Anxiety gene Glutamate
Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD The Biological Perspective
Natural selection
Genes
Anxiety gene
Glutamate
The Brain
Anterior cingulate cortex

34. Module 67: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

35. Depressive Disorders

36. Major Depressive Disorder
Problems regulating appetite
Problems regulating sleep
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
Feelings of hopelessness
Persistent depressive disorder

38. Bipolar and Related Disorders

39. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Mania (manic)
Overtalkative, overactive, elated, little need for sleep, etc.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Bipolar disorder and creativity

40. Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

41. Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression
Depression is widespread
Women’s risk of major depression is nearly double men’s
Most major depressive episodes self-terminate
Stressful events related to work, marriage and close relationships often proceed depression
With each new generation, depression is striking earlier and affecting more people

42. Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

43. Biochemical influences
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Biological Perspective
Genetic Influences
Mood disorders run in families
Heritability
Linkage analysis
The depressed brain
Biochemical influences
Norepinephrine and serotonin

44. Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Biological Perspective

45. Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Social-Cognitive Perspective
Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact
Self-defeating beliefs
Learned helplessness
Rumination
Explanatory style
Stable, global, internal explanations
Cause versus indictor of depression?

47. Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Depression’s Vicious Cycle

48. Module 68: Schizophrenia Spectrum

49. Symptoms of Schizophrenia

50. Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (split mind)
Not multiple personalities
Psychosis (psychotic disorder)

51. Disorganized thinking
Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized Thinking and Disturbed Perceptions
Disorganized thinking
Delusions
Delusions of persecution (paranoid)
Word Salad
Hallucinations
Breakdown in selective attention

52. Symptoms of Schizophrenia Diminished and Inappropriate Emotions
Flat affect
Inappropriate Actions
Catatonia
Disruptive social behavior

53. Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

54. Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
Statistics on schizophrenia
Onset of the disease
Positive versus negative symptoms
Chronic (process) schizophrenia
Acute (reactive) schizophrenia

55. Understanding Schizophrenia

56. Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Dopamine Overactivity
Dopamine – D4 dopamine receptor
Dopamine blocking drugs
Glutamate

57. Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy
Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy
Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy
Frontal lobe and core brain activity
Fluid filled areas of the brain

58. Maternal Virus During Pregnancy
Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Maternal Virus During Midpregnancy
Maternal Virus During Pregnancy
Studies on maternal activity and schizophrenia
Influence of the flu during pregnancy

59. Understanding Schizophrenia Genetic Factors
Genetic predisposition
Twin studies

60. Understanding Schizophrenia Psychological Factors
Possible warning signs
Mother severely schizophrenic
Birth complications (low weight/oxygen deprivation)
Separation from parents
Short attention span
Disruptive or withdrawn behavior
Emotional unpredictability
Poor peer relations and solo play

61. Module 69: Other Disorders

62. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

63. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Somatic symptom disorder
Somatic (body)
Conversion disorder
Functional neurological symptom disorder
Illness anxiety disorder
Hypochondriasis

64. Dissociative Disorders

65. Dissociative Disorders
Fugue state
Dissociate (become separated)

66. Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Multiple personality disorder

67. Dissociative Disorders Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder
Genuine disorder or not?
DID rates
Therapist’s creation
Differences are too great
DID and other disorders

68. Feeding and Eating Disorders

69. Feeding and Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder

70. Personality Disorders

71. Personality Disorders
Cluster A
Schizoid personality disorder
Cluster B
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Cluster C
Avoidant personality disorder

72. Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Disorder
Sociopath or psychopath
Understanding antisocial personality disorder