1. Sectional Conflict Intensifies
Chapter 10
Sectional Conflict Intensifies

2. Main ideas for this chapter:
The question of whether to admit new states to the Union led to new tensions between the North and South over slavery
Resentment over the Compromise of 1850 led to a further increase in sectional tensions
The slavery controversy accelerated both the breakdown of the major political parties and the growth of hostility between the North and South
Many events pushed the nation into Civil War

3. The Impact of War with Mexico
Acquired a lot of new land out west and down south
Problem raised : __________________________________________

4. Wilmot Proviso
Result: ________________ were outraged
Northern Democrat, David Wilmot said that ________________________________________________________________

5. Popular Sovereignty
Senator Lewis Cass proposed the idea of popular sovereignty that meant that the _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Effects:
Removed the issue of slavery ________________________________________
Democratic ( ____________________________)
Abolitionists argued that it denied African Americans their right not to be enslaved

6. Election of 1848 Split in political parties
Conscience Whigs left Whig Party and joined antislavery Democrats from New York and the abolitionist Liberty Party to form ___________________________________________
Conscience Whigs: opposed slavery
Cotton Whigs: pro-slavery

7. Election of 1848 3 candidates
Democrat candidate: Lewis Cass ( popular sovereignty- new states could __________________ if they wanted slavery or not)
Free Soil candidate : Martin van Buren – backed Wilmot Proviso – strong stand ___________________________________________
Whig candidate: Zachary Taylor – ______________ the issue of slavery ( but many believed he supported it)
Who do you think won? Why??

8. Lewis Cass Martin van Buren Democrat Free Soil

9. Election of 1848
Zachary Taylor won

10. The Search of Compromise
Discovery of gold in California brought over 80,000 new settlers in 1849 – “Forty-Niners”
California needed a strong government to maintain order because of ________________________________________
CA had to apply for statehood
Issue : slave state or free state?

11. The Compromise of 1850
Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky created Compromise of 1850 to try to resolve issue
CA admitted to the Union as a free state
The rest of the Mexican Cession would have no restrictions on slavery
TX /New Mexico border was solved which gave more land to New Mexico, but federal government took on TX debt
Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C., but not slavery
Congress could not interfere with the domestic slave trade
The federal government passed a new fugitive slave law to help southerners capture escaped slaves

12. Compromise of 1850
Although the compromise attempted to please both the North and the South, there was still great debate
Senator Calhoun defended South
Senator Daniel Webster defended North
Eventually the Compromise of 1850 was compromised on even more within Congress and passed, but did not contain any permanent solution to the issue of slavery

13. Section 2: Mounting Violence
Resentment over the Compromise of 1850 led to a further increase in sectional tensions

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin about enslaved African Americans and his overseer
Depicts slavery, but also depicts African Americans in a loving and generous light. It changed Northern outlook on African Americans and slavery
S. tried to have the novel banned
Historians say this controversial book was one of causes of the Civil War

15. The Fugitive Slave Act
African Americans accused of being a runaway were arrested and brought to a federal commissioner
Any testimony by a white witness saying the African American was a slave would send the slave back south
No trial, could no testify
If you didn’t help capture a fugitive , you were arrested
Greatly angered North, caused people who were indifferent about slavery to want to end it now because of the fugitive slave laws

16. Underground Railroad
Secret organization of people who helped slaves escape slavery ( from the South to the North )
Led by Harriet Tubman

17. Transcontinental Railroad
New settlers out West wanted route to connect East to West to make travel easier and cheaper
Had to purchase land from Mexico to build southern route – Gadsden Purchase
North had to organize territory to connect to E. to W. ( will become Nebraska)
Southern senators agreed to ratify new state of Missouri Compromise ( made Missouri slave state, and Maine a free state to balance Union) was repealed and slavery was allowed in new territory

18. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Northern Senator Stephen Douglas proposed to divide the new region in half (North: Nebraska, South: Kansas )
Repealed Missouri Compromise
Bill passed in 1854 = North outraged

19. Bleeding Kansas
First battleground between those favoring extension of slavery and those opposing it
People rushed in from all over to vote ( illegally) for a pro or anti-slavery legislature in Kansas
On May 21, 1856, border ruffians ( armed Missourian) attached Lawrence – wrecked newspaper presses, plundered shops and homes – specifically the home of the elected free-state governor

20. In May 1856, abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner ( MA) accused pro-slavery senators of forcing Kansas to become a slave state. He singled out Senator Andrew P. Butler (SC). In retaliation, his cousin accused Sumner of libel ( lying). Then Brooks caned Sumner, leaving him severely injured. This only further divided the South and the North.