1. GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
FOR KHARIF CAMPAIGN 2015
GROUP - II
PROMOTION OF PULSES THROUGH INTER-CROPPING IN KHARIF SEASON
(7th – 8th APRIL 2015)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
TELANGANA

2. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELANGANA, HYDERABAD
TELANGANA STATE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
TELANGANA, HYDERABAD

3. TELANGANA - PROFILE S NO CATEGORY Unit AREA (Lakh Ha) 1
TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
Lakh Ha
114.84 2
GROSS CROPPED AREA
56.90 3
NET CROPPED AREA
46.54 4
GROSS IRRIGATED AREA
25.57 5
NET IRRIGATED AREA
17.74 6
NUMBER OF FARM HOLDINGS
Lakh Nos.
55.54
MARGINAL
34.41
B) SMALL
13.27
C) OTHERS
7.86 7
TOTAL AREA OPERATIONS
61.96
15.67
18.69
27.60 8
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL mm
906.5 9
CROPPING INTENSITY %
1.24 10
IRRIGATION INTENSITY
1.44

4. Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana
Sl. No.
Name of the Zone
Districts
Head quarters
Geographical area (lakh ha)
No. of mandals
Soil Type
Normal Rainfall (in m.m)/ Important crops grown 1
Northern Telangana Zone
Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad
Jagtial
35.5
144
Red earths with loamy soils (Chalkas) and black cotton soils
Rice, maize, soybean, cotton, redgram turmeric 2
Central Telangana Zone
Warangal, Khammam, Medak
Warangal
30.6
132
Red earths with loamy soils(Chalkas), Red sandy soils and BC soils in pockets
Cotton, Rice, Maize, greengram,Mango, Chillies 3
Southern Telangana Zone
Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy (+ Hyderabad)
Palem
39.3
164
Red soils, Chalkas
Cotton, Rice, redgram, maize, greengram

5. KHARIF PROSPECTS 2015 COMPARED TO KHARIF 2014 Crop
Area in lakh ha, Productivity in kgs/ha & Production in LMTs
Sl. No.
Crop
AREA
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTION
Normal
Actual 2014
Target
Target 2015 1
Paddy (Planted)
10.04
9.20
19.99
3170
3054
3402
52.44
28.10
67.99 2
Jowar
0.89
0.44
1.84
984
1119
1127
1.47
0.49
2.07 3
Bajra
0.055
0.02
0.15
861
915
1000
0.12 4
Ragi
0.01
0.03
1316
961
1500
0.05 5
Maize
4.66
5.22
7.30
3821
2720
4659
23.59
14.20
34.00 6
Redgram
2.90
2.23
3.08
439
441
590
1.29
0.98
1.82
Greengram
1.53
0.70
2.00
499
489
651
0.83
0.14
1.25 8
Blackgram
0.50
0.20
0.78
610
697
840
0.39
0.34
0.66
Total Pulses
4.93
3.16
7.09
4.13
1.48
5.72
Total Foodgrains
20.60
18.05
36.49
81.95
44.30
110.10 9
Groundnut
0.26
1700
1833
3.33
4.10 10
Sunflower
0.04
0.51
977
648
970
0.31 11
Soybean
1.61
2.46
2.55
1515
1070
1640
2.45
2.63
4.18 12
Castor
0.93
491
503
496
0.46
0.25
0.41
Total oilseeds
2.93
3.14
6.46
1357
1455
7.11
3.10
9.40 13
Cotton (*)
15.34
17.20
17.25
355
1051
429
31.97
106.34
43.50 14
Chillies
0.58
0.55
3282
3103
3887
2.17
1.71
3.01 15
Sugarcane
0.38
0.42
84158
77000
85793
32.03
29.26
35.88 16
Turmeric
0.43
5725
5197
6970
2.88
3.41 17
Onion
0.06
0.19
24370
16216
26385
3.53
0.97
5.11
Total cropped area
40.38
39.81
62.18
( * ) Cotton production in lakh bales of 170 kgs. of lint. Kharif 2014 AYP figures are as per 2nd AE (DES) 5

6. ANNUAL RAINFALL (June2014 TO March 2015)
Normal : mm
Season Normal as on date : mm
Received : 591.5mm
Deviation : -31 % Deficit

7. AREA ,PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PULSES IN TELANGANA STATE
Sl.
Crop
Year
Area
Yield Kgs/ha)
Production (LMTs)
No.
(Lakh ha)
Total Pulses
6.85
537
3.68
(Base Year)
5.61
704
5.14
6.62
699
4.63
7.14
471
3.36
7.55
624
4.71
6.18
480
2.97
6.11
804
4.91
5.63
837
4.02  

8. RED GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production (000 tons)
294
378
111
341
446
152
298.64
304
90.71
275.7
554
152.8
262
531
139
238.1
441
105
Normal
284.9
442
125

9. GREEN GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production (000 tons)
201
129 26
210
533
112
147.84
552
81.58
149.65
735
109.97
127
693 88 81
489 39
Normal
153
521 76

10. BLACK GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production ( QTLS) 71
183
130 76
632
480
69.93
597
417.5
56.35
913
514.6 45
867
390 47
697
330
Normal 61
648

11. Constraints of Pulse Production inTelangana
Grown under diverse situations -
1. Grown under diverse situations Rain fed, ID crops, Under residual moisture
2. Grown under diverse soil condition ;Black soils,Red soils,Chalka soils,Sandy loams
3. Pests & Diseases-wilt, SMD, Maruca, Dry root rot , collar rot, helicoverpa, YMV
4. Abiotic-terminal moisture stress
5. Dependent upon other crops in the crop rotation/cropping systems
6. Grown under poor management with less inputs
7. Short duration blackgram / greengram are prone to vagaries of monsoon.
8. Requirement of location specific high yielding varieties and production technologies.
9 . Competition from dominant commercial crops in terms of returns – cotton, chillies and maize. .

12. SCOPE FOR INCREASING AREA
Pulse based cropping system equally remunerative to sole cropping commercial crops-Maize-bengalgram
Inter cropping –cotton, maize, beans, jowar, orchards, social forests
Crop rotation with pulses in traditional commercial crop growing areas
Expansion of area through demonstration of prepaddy/ chilli/ maghi jowar

13. SCOPE
Expansion of area under rice fallow systems specially in parts of warangal and khammam districts
Encouraging pre rabi/summer pulses with limited irrigation facilities –Specially Bt cotton
Pigeon pea on slopes / hills /bunds
Cultivation under “Zero tillage”
Encouraging rabi pigeonpea

14. INTERCROPPING
Growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land utilising the space between rows of main crop.
There is a crop intensification in both space and time.
There is a intercrop competition during all or part of the growth.
The intercropping is usually is grown with cereals and legumes .

15. Advantages of Intercropping
Higher income per unit Area
Serve as an insurance against failure of crop among abnormal years
Maintain soil fertility and Nutrient uptake.
Reduce soil run off.
Availability of fodder to the animals
Better scope for INM and IPM
Continuous work for the farmer throughout the season

16. Limitation:
Intercropping system is uneconomical and undesirable during Rabi season.
Therefore, there is lot of scope for intercropping of pulses with cereals and other crops during Kharif season.

17. Popularization of inter cropping
Jowar /Maize/Bajra + Red gram
Cotton + green gram/black gram/Red gram
Castor+ cowpea/Red gram
Soya bean + Red gram
Groundnut + Red gram
Introduction of redgram on paddy bunds during Kharif.
Introduction of relay cropping of blackgram in paddy
In pigeonpea, for intercropping, varieties like PRG-100, PRG-158, PRG-176, WRGE-96, WRGE-97 (under pipe line) with days duration are desirable desirale.
In green gram varieties such as WGG-37, MGG-295 maturing in days and WGG-42 (ready for lease) having YMV resistance, matures in 60 days are best suited for intercropping in cotton.

18. Introduction of intercropping of Pulses in Non-traditional areas
Strategies to be followed for promotion of intercropping of pulses
Introduction of intercropping of Pulses in Non-traditional areas
Growing of pulses in paddy fallows after harvest of paddy crop.
Greengram as catch crop preceding rice in NSP command and tankfed areas.
Creating Awareness among the farming communities about the advantage of intercropping , risk management and soil fertility management.
Organisation of training programme under intercropping of pulses in Traditional sole crop areas.
Organisation of block demonstrations with different crop of pulses to get suitable combination of Intercropping for different regions.
Involving the Print and Electronic media for creating awareness about intercropping among farming community.
Provision of subsidy on inputs for encouraging intercropping.

19. Critical Interventions to increase Pulse Productivity and Production
Seed Replacement Ratio(SRR):33% of the cropped area
Varietal Replacement Ratio(VRR): Replacement of old varieties 15 to 20% per year with recently released varieties of less than 10 years
Seed Rolling Plan for 12th Plan has been worked out and required quantities of breeder seed of rice and pulses varieties are indented to ANGRAU(State Agriculture University)

20. Popularization of short duration varieties in water scarcity and flood prone areas.
Popularization of Yellow Mosaic virus resistant varieties in green gram and black gram and wilt resistant varieties in bengal gram
Sowing through Multicrop planter for optimum population .
Popularization of pre emergence weedicides for effective control of weeds.
Effective use of water through sprinkler sets , mobile rain guns, pumpsets, and water carrying pipes in low water availability areas.
Capacity building : On farm training through FFS

21. Increase of Area in Pulses
Potential Districts
Pigeonpea
Mabhbubnagar, Adilabad, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nalgonda, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam
Green gram
Nalgonda, Medak,Warangal, Mahbubnagar, Karimnagar and
Khammam
Black gram
Medak and Nizamabad
Soybean
Adilabad and Nizamabad

22. Enhancement of Productivity Through INM
Balanced use of NPK based on soil fertility status (soil test base)
Popularization of Phosphorus Soluble Bacteria
Rectification of Micronutrient deficiency through application of Znso4,Boron, iron and gypsum

23. Enhancement of Productivity Through IPM
Seed treatment fungicides and Bio agents
Popularization of Rhizobium culture application
Pest monitoring and control through pheromone traps, Trichogramma cards for stem borer management
Training on identification of Pest/Disease and their natural enemies, ETL for effective management of pests through appropriate chemical and dosage.

24. Productivity and production enhancement in Pulses through .
1.Cropping system approach.
2.Replacement of Varieties.
3.Weed management
4.Nutrition Management.
5.Pest and Disease Management
6.Farm Mechanization
7.Post harvest.

25. 1.Cropping system approach
Exploiting the possibility of growing two crops under rainfed conditions during kharif.
Greengram/Blackgram followed by Groundnut/Maize/Chillies.
Maize/Groundnut followed by Greengram/Blackgram/Bengal gram
Intercrop of Red gram with Groundnut (1:7),Greengram/Blackgram(1:7),Maize/Jowar/bajra(1:2)
Note:
During Kharif, Cotton area is converted to Pulse followed by Groundnut/Maize, Chillies/Vegetables depending upon the availability of the water.
Most of the farmers preferring intercrop of Red gram instead of sole crop where no water source is available.

26. Intercrop of Red gram with Soyabean in MEDAK dist , Telangana
Intercrop of Maize with Redgram, Warangal, Telangana
Cotton + Greengram
Greengram + Cotton

27. Green gram+ cotton
Redgram + Cotton
Green gram+ Redgram
Redgram + Groundnut

28. REDGRAM ON RICE BUNDS UNDER LOCAL INITIATIVES

29. 2.Replacement of Varieties
Replacement of existing varieties with recently released(less than 10 years) high yielding varieties.
(Blackgram- PU-31,LBG-752 Greengram TMB-37,LGG-460,Red gram LRG-41,Bengalgram JAKI 9218) 
Selection of Greengram and Blackgram based on the soil type and ecological conditions with appropriate variety(Greengram in light soils and Blackgram in medium to heavy soils).
Varieties with smooth pods are preferred during kharif to minimize the absorption of water and insitu germination.(LGG-460,LBG-752,LGG-685)
Varieties with Synchronization of flowering and erect type are preferred to facilitate mechanical harvesting.(LGG-460,LBG-752)
Varieties resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus/Powdery Mildew in Greengram and Blackgram(MGG-347,PU-31:)
Varieties resistant to Wilt in Red gram varieties of Red gram with a duration of days to avoid terminal moisture stress.(PRG-158. ICP-8863, Durga) and p-re release cultures-PRG-176, WRGE-96, WGRE-97 will be demonstrated and promoted

30. 3.Weed management
Main reason for low productivity in Pulses both in kharif and rabi rice fallow is due to excessive Weed growth.
Due to shortage of agriculture labour and the increased wages, the hand weeding and hoeing is not possible at appropriate stage of crop growth.
Encouragement of Weed management through weedicides (Pre emergence and Post emergence)

31. 4.Nutrition Management
Recommendation of balanced major nutrition(NPK) based on soil testing.
Rectification of Zn deficiency through Basal application and /or through foliar spray of Zinc sulphate
Reclamation of problematic soils through Gypsum/Lime

32. 5.Pest and Disease management
Seed treatment with bio agents like Trichoderma Viridae
Creating awareness about different pests and diseases and their management through training and field exposure.
Creating awareness of proper dosage and timely application of appropriate pesticide.
Encouraging to select disease/pest resistant varieties.
Community based plant protection measures in cluster demonstrations.

33. THANK YOU

34. Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana
Sl. No.
Name of the Zone
Districts
Head quarters
Geographical area (lakh ha)
No. of mandals
Soil Type
Normal Rainfall (in m.m)/ Important crops grown 1
Northern Telangana Zone
Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad
Jagtial
35.5
144
Red earths with loamy soils (Chalkas) and black cotton soils
Rice, maize, soybean, cotton, redgram turmeric 2
Central Telangana Zone
Warangal, Khammam, Medak
Warangal
30.6
132
Red earths with loamy soils(Chalkas), Red sandy soils and BC soils in pockets
Cotton, Rice, Maize, greengram,Mango, Chillies 3
Southern Telangana Zone
Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy (+ Hyderabad)
Palem
39.3
164
Red soils, Chalkas
Cotton, Rice, redgram, maize, greengram