1. LIGHTING ID 320 – LIGHTING\ACOUSTIC\HVAC Done by: Amjad AlFawaz Light Reflection & Transmission Color Glare

2. LIGHT  LIGHT is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are visually sensitive to. The power with which light is emitted from a lamp is measured in Lumens (lm) Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

3. LIGHT  Efficacy: The ratio of light output to energy input Light out = Lumens = EFFICACY Energy in watts Candlepower: Describes the intensity of the beam in any direction. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

5. LIGHT  Illuminance: Is equal to the number of lumens falling on each square foot(meter) of a surface.  The unit of illumination or light : footcandle ( lux) lux = lumens square meter Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

6. LIGHT  Object’s Brightness refers to the perception of a human observer.  Object’s Luminance refers to the objective measurement of a light meter. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

7. LIGHT  Light falling on an object can be: - Transmitted - Reflected - Absorbed Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

8.  Reflection of Light: 1-Specular Reflection  smooth, polished surfaces. ( the angle of reflection is = to the angle of incidence) 2- Semi-specular reflection  irregular surfaces such as hammered, brushed or sandblasted materials. (part of the light spread and the greatest intensity reflected at an angle equal or near the angle of incidence) 3- Diffuse Reflection  matte, rough surfaces. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

9.  Transmission of light: 1- Clear, transparent material  transmit light. 2- Diffusing translucent material  scatter light. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

10. COLOR  White light is a mixture of various wavelengths of visible light.  Color Temperature: Used to describe the warmness and coolness of a light source. Low CT, warm  yellow,orange,red colors High CT, cool  green, purple, blue colors Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

14. GLARE  Glare is a visual noise that interferes with visual performance.  Glare occurs when one part of the visual field is much more brighter than the average brightness to which the visual system is adapted.  This causes: discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility. 1- Direct Glare. 2- Indirect\Reflected Glare. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

15.  Direct Glare is caused by a light source sufficiently bright to cause annoyance, discomfort or loss in visual performance. -from light fixtures, ceiling and windows. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

16.  - distance between an offending light source to the center of vision.  Can reduce glare using shielding devices The closer the worse Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

17.  Using optical controllers to eliminate or reduce direct glare. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

20.  window blinds or perforated screens to limit the amount of direct sunlight coming into the space.

21. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz  Upward to the ceiling

22.  Indirect Glare is caused by the reflection of light sources on a glossy surface. Can be avoided by: -using matte, less glossy materials. -Relocating the light source. -rearranging the interiors Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

27. Page 367, Activity Needs Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

28. Biological needs Done By: Amjad AlFawaz 1- the need for spatial orientation:  Define changes of levels  Direct people

29. Biological needs Done By: Amjad AlFawaz 2- the need to understand structural form:  Direct light gives form to objects while diffuse light flatten objects (three-dimensional quality)

30. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz 3- The need to focus on activities:  Highlighting important areas to create order and attention

31. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz 4-the need for cheerful spaces:  Right amount of light to eliminate any gloomy feeling  Combing different lighting types create cheerful spaces

32. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz

33. 5-the need for security:  Darkness is a lack of visual information; cause fear and expect danger.  A man needs to be aware of his surroundings and get information.

34. Done By: Amjad AlFawaz 6- the need for communication.

35. Lighting Design Done By: Amjad AlFawaz First: Determine tasks and activity in the space. Second: Illuminate things based on the determined activity. Third: create a level of brightness contrast