1. Category specificity in the brain?

2. INTRODUCTION Category-specific deficits: Category-specific (associative) agnosia Prosopagnosia Word blindness Category specific aphasia Naming

3. Acquired prosopagnosia as a face- specific disorder: Ruling out the general visual similarity account (patient PS) Busigny T., Graf, M., Mayer, Bruno Rossion Neuropsychologia 48 (2010) 2051–2067

4. Discrimination between novel 3D geonlike shapes

5. Discrimination between living and nonliving objects

6. Discriminating between similar cars

7. Discrimination between faces

8. Categorical specificity in perception? Modularity and categorical specialization in high-level visual areas. Keren Vicki What does categorical specificity in the extrastriate area tells us about categorical specific impairments?

9. Developmental Prosopagnosia

10. Selective visual streaming in face recognition: Evidence from developmental prosopagnosia (Case YT) Shlomo Bentin, Leon Y. Deouell and Nachum Soroker NeuroReport 10, (1999) 823-827

11. YT – Neuropsychological profile Benton's Visual Retention: Copy: 10/10 Immediate memory 10/10 Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: Copy: 36/36 5 minutes delay: 27/36 Boston Naming Test: 50/50 Judgement of Line Orientation: 30/30 Color Identification: 20/20 WAIS-R Verbal:127 Performance: 113 Full Scale:124 WMS-R Verbal memory: 123 Visual memory: 121 General memory: 127 Western Aphasia Battery (Apraxia subtest): 20/20

12. YT – Neuropsychological profile - 2 Behavioral Inattention Test for Visual Neglect: Line Crossing: 36/36 Letter cancellation: 40/40 Star Cancellation: 54/54 Figure & Shape copy: 4/4 Line Bisection: 9/9 Representational Drawing: 3/3 Total score: 146/146 Facial Recognition Test 41/54 (40=borderline) Warrington's Visual Memory Test: Recall of words: 48/50 Recall of faces: 32/50

13. YT has a normally discriminative FFA

14. N170 is not discriminative in YT -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Control YT N170 Amplitude Difference (µV) Right hemisphere Control YT Left Hemisphere N170 Faces Objects Control YT FacesObjects

15. Too Many Trees to See the Forest: Performance, Event-related Potential, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations of Integrative Congenital Prosopagnosia (Case KW) Shlomo Bentin, Joseph M. DeGutis, Mark D’Esposito, and Lynn C. Robertson Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, (2007), 132–146

16. KW – Neuropsychological profile 16 Visual acuity as measured by Snellen chart at 35 cm (OD 20/20, OS, 20/25) Color vision as measured by Dvorine Color Plates (14/14). Object recognition, on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) (60/60) Hooper test 28/30 (normal mean 26.75 SD=1.97) Identification of famous movie stars and politicians 10/60 (controls 39/60) Cambridge Face Memory Test 39/75 (controls 59/75) Warrington Word/Face Memory test:Words: 50/50 Faces : 23/50 Benton Face Recognition Test: 33/54 Severely impaired

17. KW – No face selectivity in extrastriate cortex 17 KW A B D Objects - places Faces - places Control Subjects Faces vs. places t-value +7 2-2 -7 Faces - objects C

18. KW – Impaired global processing 18 IncongruentCongruent LocalGlobal 252 358 253 259 392 350 342 330 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 RT (milliseconds) control KW No global precedence No global-to-local interference Augmented local-to-global interference

19. KW – N170 effects: special sensitivity to features 19 Control N170 +2.5 µV -2.5 µV 1002003000-100400500 KW 1002003000400500 ms Control KW -2 N170 effect (Faces - watches) Magnitude of the effect (µV) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Left hemisphereRight Hemisphere C Magnitude of the effect (µV) -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Left hemisphereRight Hemisphere Inner Components effect E

20. Functional Plasticity in Ventral Temporal Cortex following Cognitive Rehabilitation of a Congenital Prosopagnosic (Case MZ) Joseph M. DeGutis, Shlomo Bentin, Lynn C. Robertson, and Mark D’Esposito Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, (2007), 1790–1802

21. MZ – normal FFA selectivity MZ: Faces > Scenes

22. MZ – Training effects on performance 22 Before TrainingAfter Training A.B.

23. MZ – N170 selectivity before and after training N170 1002003000-1004005001002003000-100400500 microvolts Before TrainingAfter Training -5 µV +5 µV Before 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Control MZ After ABC milliseconds Faces Watches N170 effect

24. Perception or semantic knowledge? Living non-living distinctions in perception and naming. The Sensory/Functional Theory Adi Domain-specific organization of conceptual knowledge in the brain – The ontogenetic theory

25. THE END