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Measles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Measles_virus.JPG
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M ORBILLIVIRUS Infection of the respiratory system Paramyxovirus Negative-sense single- stranded RNA Envelope virus http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v14/n12/images/nsmb1342-F1.jpg
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M EASLES IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Vaccinations MMR ~ 18 months 2 nd Dose ~ 4-5 years Fatality Rate: 3 deaths/1000 cases 0.3% fatality
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M EASLES IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WHO recommends two dosages: 6 & 9 months HIV Infection Fatality Rate: Can be as high as 28%!
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What’s the problem? Why is there such a high fatality rate in the developing countries?
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N O IMMUNIZATION ! “[Measles] is a highly contagious viral infection that kills more children than any other vaccine preventable disease” - UNICEF Lack of immunization due to three things: Poverty Poor health systems Lack of information
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How is measles transmitted?
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T RANSMISSION Highly contagious Can infect 90% of people in close contact Can remain active and contagious for 2 hours
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Structure of paramyxoviruses 16 kb nucleotides
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D IAGNOSIS OF MEASLES Microscopy Immunofluorescence Virus Isolation Serology Fever + Three C’s
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S YMPTOMS : 10-14 incubation period High fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes, rash Koplik’s spots Severe complications
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T REATMENT No known treatments Fluids and Vitamin A LJ-001??
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S O WHAT IS BEING DONE ABOUT THIS ?
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O RGANIZATIONS H ELPING T O F IGHT M EASLES Measles Initiative - 1971 Still 164,000 people die from measles each year 2010 goal – 90% worldwide
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I MPACT OF THE M EASLES I NITIATIVE
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T HIS WAS IN 2008…
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R EFERENCES “Global Measles Elimination”. Nature Review. December 2006.. “Measles”. Wikipedia.. Measles Initiative.. “Measles Outbreak Triggered by Unvaccinated Child”. U.S. News & World Report.. “Modulation of Immune System Function by Measles Virus Infection: Role of Soluble Factor and Direct Infection”. Journal of Virology. December 1998.. “Pathogenesis”. Measles.. “Pathogenesis of Measles Virus Infections”. Virology Online.. “Virology – Chapter Four: RNA Virus Replication Strategies”. Microbiology and Immunology Online.. “Virus-Induced Immunosuppression”. NCBI..
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