1. Measles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Measles_virus.JPG

2. M ORBILLIVIRUS Infection of the respiratory system Paramyxovirus Negative-sense single- stranded RNA Envelope virus http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v14/n12/images/nsmb1342-F1.jpg

3. M EASLES IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Vaccinations MMR ~ 18 months 2 nd Dose ~ 4-5 years Fatality Rate: 3 deaths/1000 cases 0.3% fatality

4. M EASLES IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WHO recommends two dosages: 6 & 9 months HIV Infection Fatality Rate: Can be as high as 28%!

6. What’s the problem? Why is there such a high fatality rate in the developing countries?

7. N O IMMUNIZATION ! “[Measles] is a highly contagious viral infection that kills more children than any other vaccine preventable disease” - UNICEF Lack of immunization due to three things: Poverty Poor health systems Lack of information

9. How is measles transmitted?

10. T RANSMISSION Highly contagious Can infect 90% of people in close contact Can remain active and contagious for 2 hours

13. Structure of paramyxoviruses 16 kb nucleotides

14. D IAGNOSIS OF MEASLES Microscopy Immunofluorescence Virus Isolation Serology Fever + Three C’s

15. S YMPTOMS : 10-14 incubation period High fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes, rash Koplik’s spots Severe complications

16. T REATMENT No known treatments Fluids and Vitamin A LJ-001??

17. S O WHAT IS BEING DONE ABOUT THIS ?

18. O RGANIZATIONS H ELPING T O F IGHT M EASLES Measles Initiative - 1971 Still 164,000 people die from measles each year 2010 goal – 90% worldwide

19. I MPACT OF THE M EASLES I NITIATIVE

20. T HIS WAS IN 2008…

21. R EFERENCES “Global Measles Elimination”. Nature Review. December 2006.. “Measles”. Wikipedia.. Measles Initiative.. “Measles Outbreak Triggered by Unvaccinated Child”. U.S. News & World Report.. “Modulation of Immune System Function by Measles Virus Infection: Role of Soluble Factor and Direct Infection”. Journal of Virology. December 1998.. “Pathogenesis”. Measles.. “Pathogenesis of Measles Virus Infections”. Virology Online.. “Virology – Chapter Four: RNA Virus Replication Strategies”. Microbiology and Immunology Online.. “Virus-Induced Immunosuppression”. NCBI..