2. Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms

3. Unit 1 Definition: Microbiology –Micro –Bio –Ology Oldest form of life Most are Beneficial Only a few are harmful

4. Why do we study Microbiology? The world we live in….. People live longer Diseases are now controlled Healthier Food Better conditions Medical Advances Environmental advances

5. Microbiology & Medicine Science MUST be ready to face the challenge Knowledge of transfer of microorganisms can reduce spread of disease Knowledge of immunity can reduce disease Knowledge of sterilization & disinfection procedures will reduce or prevent spread of disease Not all microorganisms are harmful, some are even helpful

6. Theory of Spontaneous Generation Mold on food Spoiled drinks & spoiled food Theory was = caused by devil or curse of God Seemed to be no physical cause Some scientists attempted to disprove theory “Catching” diseases spread by contact with humans and animals

7. Leeuwenhoek Dutch merchant & Amateur scientist Hobby of grinding lenses to observe microbes “Animalcules” = small moving objects Drew pictures and wrote volumes Early lenses led to early microscopes Took scrapings from teeth to observe appearance Referred to as Father of Microbiology

8. Pasteur Professor of chemistry in France Experimented with heating liquid Process of pasteurization Process used for wine, beer & Milk Food canning process Discovery labeled “Germ Theory of Disease” proved that airborne bacteria was the cause of some diseases

9. Golden Age of Microbiology Many new discoveries 1880-1910 Communication was limited Scientists and doctors in all countries were working on theories Numerous causes of disease & death; patients died in hospitals; women died in childbirth Physicians wore street clothes in surgery

10. Holmes Physician in Boston Studied “child bed” fever in new mothers Suggested nurses and physicians wash hands

11. Semmelweis Hungarian doctor Explored use of antiseptics with washing Number of deaths were reduced Both Holmes & Semmelweis were working on same experiments in different countries

12. Lister English Surgeon Set out to prove that wound infection due to microbes Tried carbolic acid (PHENOL) Soaked surgical dressings & instruments & tables Asked staff to use phenol on hands after washing Established aseptic techniques

13. Koch German biologist & physican Proved ‘specific bacteria causes disease’ Developed rules –1. Organism must be present –2. Organism must be isolated –3. Organism must produce disease in another –4. Organism must be recovered

14. Miller American dentist & researcher Theory: connection between bacteria, carbohydrates & tooth disease BACTERIA + FOOD = Produce Acids Acids on teeth = cause decay (cavities)

15. Review Leeuwenhoek – Pasteur – Koch – Lister Holmes - Semmelweis - Miller -

16. Summer Fun

17. Normal Flora Resident microbial population of human body Microorganisms live (reside) in and on body *Always present

18. Activities of Microbes Bacteria in soil converted to usable nutrients Bacteria cultured to make vinegar, vitamins, antibiotics Bacteria or fungi used to pickle cucumbers; Produce cultured dairy: yogurt & sour cream Yeast makes bread dough & used in beer production

19. GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA VIRUSES FUNGI – Yeasts & Molds PROTOZOA –Bacteria & viruses are concern in dental office –Some fungi can cause dental problems

20. BACTERIA Small cells Divide by binary fission SHAPES: –COCCI –BACILLI –SPiRILLA –VIBRIOS

21. Bacteria Grow in COLONIES Bacterial growth = increase in cell numbers Cells divide by BINARY FISSION Division of cells occurs every 20-30 minutes Some bacteria have ability to grow Some bacteria do not survive

22. Growth Requirements of Bacteria Temperature Acidity Nutrients Oxygen Metabolism Water

23. Bacteria Culturing Bacteria – grow bacteria in laboratory Nutrient base called medium Preventing growth – changing requirements Bacteriostatic Bacteriocidal

24. Infections/Diseases from bacteria TUBERCULOSIS DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS STREPTOCOCCAL Infections (caries) STAPHLOCOCCAL Infections

25. FUNGI: Yeasts & Molds Larger than bacteria Disease: Candidiasis (known as thrush) Found inside mouth Cannot be killed with antibiotics Usually cause problems after use of too much antibiotics

26. Candidiasis/Yeast/Thrush

27. Baby thrush

28. VIRUS Smaller than bacteria Have many shapes Cause disease by changing cells Cannot be killed with antibiotics Some antiviral drugs Best approach is immunization or Infection Control Procedures

29. Viral Diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella Poliomyelitis Chicken Pox (Varicella) Common Cold Influenza Herpes Simplex Hepatitis

30. Shingles

31. VIRAL NO PPE??? Herpetic conjunctivitis- Herpes of eye Herpetic Whitlow- Herpes on hand

32. Protozoa Rickettsiae Live in bloodstream, mouth & digestive tract Contaminated drinking water Gum disease (Periodontal disease) Parasites – cannot live outside a host Diseases are Typhus & Rocky mountain fever

33. THE END Grandpuppies