1. World Cultures Mid-Term Review

2. Geography

3. What does interdependence mean? Depending on other countries for goods, resources, and knowledge

4. What are physical features? natural elements of the environment

5. What are political features? Boundaries made by humans

6. What is culture? All things that make up a people’s way of life

7. How does religion strengthen society? Teaches values that all people accept

8. What is ethnocentrism? Judging other cultures by standards of one’s own culture

9. How have people used the environment over the years? People have adapted to and changed the environment in which they live

10. What is westernization? The adoption of western cultures

11. Europe

12. What type of physical feature is the continent of Europe? Peninsula

13. What are the three most important rivers in Europe Thames Seine Rhine

14. What are city-states? Small communities that valued their independence and were surrounded by farmland

15. Define direct democracy Citizens participate directly in government rather than through elected officials

16. How did the feudal system function during the Middle Ages in Europe? Everyone had a fixed place in society and was obedient to the class above them

17. What was the effect of the bubonic plague? Inspired Ring around the Rosie Commonly thought of to be brought on by the Jewish community Killed over 25 million Europeans within 5 years.

18. What was the Renaissance? Rebirth of interest in the arts, education, and science

19. What role did Martin Luther play in the history in Europe? He opposed many wrongdoings of the church, especially indulgences

20. What caused the economic crisis in France in the 1700s? The middle and working class were the only taxpayers

21. How did Napoleon change French society? All men equal before law Freedom of religion Napoleonic Code

22. What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna? Restore order in France after 25 years of war and revolution

23. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? British textile industry

24. What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Britain? Advanced security and defense, health, and trade

25. What caused World War I? Land disputes Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Build up of militaries

26. How did Adolph Hitler come into power? He promised to restore order and greatness in Germany in light of the Depression

27. Why was the policy of appeasement followed during World War II? Countries thought it was a fair price to pay for peace

28. What was the Berlin Wall? A wall that was very hard to get past that divided Germany for almost 30 years

29. Why was the Berlin Wall built? To stop East Germans from fleeing to West Germany

30. What is the European Union? An institution of 27 European countries that share a commitment to peace and prosperity

31. The Middle East

32. What were the Christian holy wars (aimed at recapturing the Holy Land) called? Crusades

33. Why did Israel become a center of conflict after World War II? Jews wanted to create an independent state there

34. What Middle Eastern people establish a great empire along the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley? Sumerians

35. What did Muhammad write at the request of the Allah? Koran

36. What does OPEC stand for? Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

37. What religion do 90% of Middle Easterners follow? Islam

38. What resource has made the Persian Gulf important? Oil

39. Which country held American diplomats hostage for 444 days in 1979? Iran

40. What is Zionism? The international movement for the establishment of a Jewish national community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel.

41. What two groups fought fiercely over the Holy Land? Israelis and Palestinians

42. What area did the earliest of Middle East civilization settle? The Fertile Crescent

43. What was the main goal of the PLO? Regain Palestinian territory and establish a Palestinian state

44. What led to the United States getting involved in the 1991 Persian Gulf War? Iraq invaded Kuwait

45. Why did the French and the British fight over Egypt for in the 1880s? Both countries wanted to build a canal across the Suez

46. What was the result of the United States and the Soviet Union supplying arms and aid to the Middle East for over forty years? The militaries of these countries were strengthened, but the countries were unstable

47. What are basic elements of Christianity? Jesus was the messiah, Jesus was the son of God, Belief in teachings of Jesus

48. What are basic elements of Judaism? Passover, religion of Hebrews, Jews were the chosen people

49. What are basic elements of Islam? The Five Pillars, the Koran, Praying towards the city of Mecca

50. Africa

51. What geographic zones are in Africa? Rainforest Desert Sahara

52. What is the largest desert in Africa? Sahara

53. What oceans surround Africa? West- Atlantic East- Indian

54. Which European country held the most territory in Africa prior to WWI?? Great Britain

55. Define pharaoh: Rulers of ancient Egypt

56. Define polygamy The practice of having more than one spouse

57. What was the significance of the pyramids? They were burial sites for leaders

58. Describe traditional village life Decisions that affected the entire village were made by consensus

59. Describe traditional African religion Most were monotheistic

60. Why was there a demand for slaves in Europe? Growth of plantation economy in the Americas

61. How did colonial rule affect Africa? Most African nations had artificial boundaries that included many rival ethnic groups

62. How did the Industrial Revolution affect Africa? It fueled Europe’s economic motives to colonize Africa by creating a major need for natural resources

63. How did Africans overthrow British rule? By unifying

64. Define Pan Africanism The idea of unifying all of Africa

65. What country of Africa has the highest AIDS prevalence rate? South Africa

66. Define apartheid A system of inequality and injustice based on race

67. Describe how the diamond trade affects Africa It has caused many civil wars DeBeers had prospered tremendously from exploiting diamonds from Africa Diamonds worn by people in the richest parts of the world are often at the expense of some of the poorest people in the world.