1. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND INNOVATION

2. EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY
(Burgelman & Rosenbloom, 1989 and adapted by Hampson, 2000)
TECHNOLOGY
STRATEGY
EXPERIENCE
TECHNICAL
CAPABILITIES
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
GENERATIVE MECHANISMS
INTEGRATIVE MECHANISMS
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESS
EVOLUTION
ORGANISATIONAL
CONTEXT
INDUSTRY
Monitor, review and standardise

3. TECHNOLOGY, INVENTION & INNOVATION
Innovation is the first application of the invention (a technology) in production (Link)
3 phases in the process of technological change: invention, innovation, and diffusion (Schumpeter)
Inventive activity
a new combination of available knowledge (Kuznets)
Science focusses on:
the understanding of knowledge
Technology focusses on:
the application of knowledge

4. Types of INNOVATION
Product
Process
Service
Marketing

5. INNOVATION
“Innovation is described as the process of bringing any new problem-solving idea into use. Innovation is the generation, acceptance and implementation of new ideas, processes, products or services.” - Kanter, 1983, p20
Idea - Continuous Aim Firing
“What one man could do partially and unconsciously, perhaps all men could be trained to do consciously and completely.”

6. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IS A COMPLEX ACTIVITY
Technological innovation is a process made up of diverse parts, varied participants, complicated patterns of evolution and information feedback loops.
Research highlights the key role of people, as champions, inventor/entrepreneurs, or technology-familiar managers, in promoting and accelerating the implementation of innovation.

7. THE PRODUCT OR TECHNICAL CHAMPION
Innovation consists of two parts:
new technology and a real or potential market.
The product champion:
convinces management that new product or process is feasible and worthy of significant investment.
conceptualises a technical vehicle so the corporation can develop a new product or service.
Sees relationship between scientific developments and market needs.

8. THE ORGANISATIONAL OR POLITICAL CHAMPION
Establishing and maintaining contact with top management, keeping them informed, and developing their enthusiasm for particular new activity
Organisational champion is able to relate parameters and potential of new venture persuasively to ultimate goals of the corporations

9. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE
Driven by the combination of chance or random events (variation), the direct social, political action of individuals and organisations in selecting between rival industry standards (selection), and the incremental, competence-enhancing, puzzle-solving actions of many organisations that are learned by doing (retention). (Anderson and Tushman, 1990, p606)

10. THE TECHNOLOGY CYCLE Era of Ferment Design competition Substitution
Era of Incremental Change
Elaboration of dominant
design
TIME
Technological
Discontinuity 1
Discontinuity 2
Dominant
Design 1
(Source: Anderson and Tushman, 1990, p606)

11. COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT TECHNOLOGY 1/2

12. MISCONCEPTIONS (cont) 2/2

13. TECHNOLOGY MATURATION SEQUENCE (Arthur D. Little, 1981)
Ageing
Mature
TECHNICAL
ADVANCE
Growing
Embryonic
TIME

14. TECHNOLOGY MATURATION (Steele, 1989)
Natural Limit of Technology
Era of Capital Intensity
and Finance Domination
TECHNICAL
ADVANCE
Era of Process Improvement
and Manufacturing Domination
Era of Product Innovation
and Engineering Design Domination
TIME

15. INDUSTRY MATURATION (Utterback, 1987)
Process Innovation
NUMBER AND IMPACT
OF IMPROVEMENTS
Product Innovation
TIME