1. Nucleotides and Nucleic acid

2. Structure of Nucleotide

8. Phosphodiester linkages

9. Hydrolysis of RNA under alkaline conditions

12. DNA stores Genetic Information – Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment

17. The Hershey-Chase experiment

18. X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA

19. Watson-Crick model for the structure of DNA

21. DNA Replication

22. DNA can occur in different Three-Dimensional Forms The Watson-Crick structure is also referred to as B-form DNA, or B-DNA. The B form is the most stable structure.

23. Structural variation of DNA – syn- vs anti-

24. Structural variation of DNA – exo- vs endo-

26. Palindrome is spelled identically readying forward or backward eg ROTATOR, NURSES RUN. Can form hairpin or cruciform Mirror repeats do not have complementary sequences within the same strand and cannot form hairpin or cruciform structures.

29. Messenger RNA code for polypeptide Chains Monocistronic – code for one polypeptide Polycistronic – code for two or more different polypeptides

30. Secondary Structure of RNAs

31. Reversible denaturation and annealing (renaturation) of DNA

32. T m – melting temperature – the temp. at the midpoint of the transition

34. Partially denatured DNA

35. DNA Hybridization

36. Non-enzymatic reactions of nucleotides

38. Formation of pyrimidine dimers induced by UV light.

39. Chemical agents that cause DNA damage

41. DNA Amplification - PCR

42. DNA Sequencing – Sanger Method

44. Automating DNA sequencing.

46. Chemical synthesis of DNA