1. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) How do lyrics in music affect context dependent memory?

2. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Godden and Baddeley (1975) Study of scuba divers

3. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Physical location: Godden & Baddeley, 1975 Time of day: Holloway, 1978 Drug/alcohol states: Eich, 1980 Mood states: Eich & Metcalfe, 1989 Music: Smith, 1985

4. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Smith, 1985 Asked participants to learn words whilst listening to music. Recall was performed listening to the same music, different music or no music. Found people recalled words better when listening to the same music in learning and recall than a different piece or no music during recall. People learned better when listening to music than in the control group where no music was heard.

5. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Mead & Ball, 2007 Asked participants to learn words whilst listening to music in either the major or the minor key. Recall was performed listening to music in the same key or in a different key. Found people recalled words better when learning and recall was performed listening to music in the same key.

6. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Our study: How do lyrics in music affect context dependent memory? Conditions: Same context conditions: Learn – lyricsrecall – lyrics Learn – no lyricsrecall – no lyrics Different context conditions: Learn – lyricsrecall – no lyrics Learn – no lyricsrecall – lyrics

7. Context Dependent Memory (CDM) Why would this research be interesting? Is context dependent memory affected by lyrics? Do lyrics help or hinder memory? What aspects of music aid memory?