1. Introduction – Mr. Al González
Tutorials/Recitation
Online Tutoring
On campus tutoring
Test Aids
Who am I?
Course Syllabus
Soon to come……
Class Organization
Lecture – course content (chronological and general to specific)
Expectations:
Attend every lecture
Read your text
E-quizzes
Visit the OLC
Study-Buddy
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

2. Syllabus, Grades & Test Stuff
Learn the material and then demonstrate your comprehension of it.
Chapter Tests and required assignments result in a grade.
No make-ups!
Final grades will be based on a total point system (~1000).
Grades will be posted on (
Let’s check-out the syllabus
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

3. Chapter 1 A Perspective on Human Genetics
Iceland – deCODE
Database of Genetic Information
Purpose: To identify genetic markers, diseases of the entire population & develop therapies.
Info will be shared with the pharmaceutical companies.
Controversy?
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

4. Genetics Is the Key to Biology
Genetics is the science of heredity
Study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

5. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Genes
Are the basic structural and functional unit of genetics
Are sequences of nucleotides in DNA
Control cells by directing protein synthesis
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

6. The Genetic Material - DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Double Helix
Composed of Nucleotide subunits
Nucleotides are composed of
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Phosphate group
Bases:
A (Adenine), T (Thymine)
G (Guanine) or C (Cytosine)
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

7. The Genetic Code Is Universal
Sequence of nucleotides determines how the protein is produced from the gene
Mutations are changes on the DNA
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

8. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Chromosomes
Genes are found in the nucleus
Arranged on chromosomes
Fig. 1.6
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

9. How Are Genes Transmitted from Parent to Offspring?
Gregor Mendel
Monk
Conducted experiments (x-bred) or transmitted traits in peas
demonstrated the Principles of Inheritance
Fig. 1.3
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

10. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Approaches
Transmission Genetics
Pedigree Analysis
Cytogenetics
Molecular Genetics
Population Genetics
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

11. Transmission Genetics
Studies the pattern of inheritance that results when traits are passed from generation to generation
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

12. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Pedigree Analysis
Family history is used to construct the pattern of how a trait is passed from generation to generation
Fig. 1.5
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

13. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Cytogenetics
Studies chromosome number and structure
Fig. 1.6
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

14. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Molecular Genetics
Uses recombinant DNA technology to identify, isolate, clone, and analyze genes
Tremendous impact in the last 40 years
Debate over social, legal and ethical issues
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

15. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Population Genetics
Identifies how much genetic variation exists in populations
Investigates factors, such as migration, population size, and natural selection, that change the frequency of a specific gene over time
Coupled with DNA technology, investigates evolutionary history and DNA identification techniques
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

16. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Uses of Genetics
Basic Research
Information about how genes function
What happens when they do not work?
Applied Research
Commercial products in healthcare, industry, and agriculture
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

17. Genetics and Social Policy
Eugenics
Genetic Technology
Human Genome Project
Health Care
Recombinant DNA Technology
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

18. Eugenics: A Flawed Idea
Francis Galton
Selective breeding of humans
Traits are not influenced by env’t.
Was an influential force in
Immigration laws
Restriction of reproductive rights
Fig. 1.8
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

19. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Genetic Technology
Fig. 1.10
Recombinant DNA
Important for
Research
Genetic testing
Gene therapy
Biotechnology
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

20. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Human Genome Project
Public and private research
Sequence the entire human genome
First draft in 2001 completed in 2003
3 billion nucleotides
35,000 genes
Genomics focuses on the organization and function of the genomes
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

21. Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole
Health Care
Fig. 1.11
Microarray
Screens genome
10 million children and adults in U.S. suffer from a genetic disorder
Develop new treatments
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

22. Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetically modified food
Production of human proteins to treat disease
How should this technology be used?
What are the ethical, legal, and social concerns?
Controversial?
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

23. Timeline of Recent Changes
Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole