1. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashups Beyond Google Maps from a Geospatial Semantic Web Perspective Harry Chen Image Matters LLC (Geospatial Semantic Web Blog) Networking Geospatial Information Technology for Interoperability and Spatial Ontology Workshop NSF, Washington DC June 20, 2006

2. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Outline I.Introduction Google Maps & Google Earth Shortcomings in the current mashups II.How Semantics Can Help Semantic Web vs. semantic web III.Semantic Web Mashup Example From triples to Google Maps IV.Concluding Remarks

3. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Visiting the White House The White House in Google Earth The White House in Google Maps

4. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Google Maps vs. Google Earth Google MapsGoogle Earth MapStreet maps, satellite, or hybridSatellite Data Street level details of the US, Canada, Western Europe, Japan World data (cities, boundaries). Street level detail in US, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan API Google Maps API (pure JavaScript/DHTML) Google Earth KML ( a grammar and file format for modeling and storing geographic features) System Requirement Web Browser (javascript)PC, Mac OS X, and Linux

5. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Special Features in Google Earth 3D buildings and terrian Measure Distances

6. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial An Explosion of Mashups A mashup is a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service. Source: Wikipedia -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid) Check Real Estate Value Track Storms Track Ski Conditions Source: New Scientist (2006-05-12)

7. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Questions Why is there a sudden explosion of “mashups”? Is it the “holy grail” in building the next generation Web? What’s the use of semantic technology in building mashups? Do we have the right semantic technology?

8. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashups are Growing Fast Ubiquitous web service API Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps, Amazon, Flickr, del.icio.us, etc. People can create new applications by reusing the existing parts The whole is more than the sum of its parts Maps are intuitive UI interface.

9. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashup Issues (1 of 3) The present Web is built for human users. Information is meant for humans to consume and not for computer programs. A map image is a map to the humans, but is a image to the machines. Map! GIF!

10. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashup Issues (2 of 3) It’s difficult to discover and integrate legacy data into new mashup applications. Where can I find real estate data? Data format? Permission to use it? Where can I find weather data? Data format? Permission to use it? Real Estate Value Mashup National Ski Condition Mashup

11. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashup Issues (3 of 3) Too many wrongly think that mashups must be Google Maps on “steroid”. Web 2.0 Mashup Matrix Records 104 Web 2.0 API 104 x 104 possibilities Google Maps 1 of 104 http://www.programmableweb.com/matrix

12. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial II. How Semantic Web Can Help

13. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial How the Semantic Web Can Help Shared Semantic Web ontologies will enable mashups to share data and interoperate Expressively defined knowledge on the Web will enable mashups to better discover and access existing information Non-geographical semantic knowledge will encourage the innovation of non-map- based mashups

14. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Semantic Technology on the Web Semantic Web vs. semantic web Publishing geospatial data on the Web Exporting legacy data onto the Web Searching semantic data on the Web RDF XML OWL Microformat RSSGeoRSS RDF/A Structured Blogging Geo GML KML RDFS rel-tag hCard XNF

15. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Semantic Web vs. semantic web Semantic Websemantic web Philosophy Build common data format for expressing the meaning of data. Use ontologies to help machines to understand web content. Humans first, machines second. Encode existing Web content with special tags. LanguageRDF, RDFS, OWL Based on XHTML tags: micro- formats Format Must be well-formed RDF documents Anything goes, as long as its XHTML Semantic Defined by the underlying ontology model (e.g., OWL) Loosely defined. No formal semantic model. ExamplesFOAF, OWL-S, OWL-Time XFN (social network), hCard (contact), hReview (opinions), rel-tag (taggging)

16. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Publishing Geospatial Data Describing Geo coordinates W3C RDF Geo Vocabulary (WGS 84) Geo of Microformat (WGS 84) GeoRSS – encoding GML geometry in RSS Describing geographical locations CIA Fact Book http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/doc/wfb/index.html Open Cyc Spatial Ontology http://www.cyc.com/cyc-2-1/cyc-vocab.daml

17. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Using W3C Geo <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> Dan Brickley <homepage dc:title="Dan's home page“ rdf:resource="http://danbri.org/"/> http:/danbri.org/foaf.rdf SubjectPredicateObject :_ardf:typefoaf:Person :_afoaf:name“Dan Brickley” :_afoaf:base_near:_geo geo:long“-2.59466” :_geogeo:lat“51.47026” Source: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/

18. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Using Microformat Geo (1)

19. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Using Microformat (2) … Currently he lives in Columbia, Maryland ( 391425N, 0765022W ) with his wife Gigi. … Harry Chen was born in Shanghai, China. He moved to Hong Kong with his parents when he was ten. During the last year of his high school, he studied in the US as an exchange student. He completed undergraduate and graduate studies in Computer Science at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He was awarded a PhD fellowship from HP Labs for his work on intelligent agents in mobile and pervasive computing.

20. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Technorati: Microformat Search Not yet understand “geo”, but that’s okay. At least it works! http://kitchen.technorati.com

21. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Exporting Legacy Data Much data is hidden in our legacy systems. We must find ways to export this data onto the Web Web pages are designed for people. For the Semantic Web we need to look at existing databases and the data in them. -Tim Berners-Lee, March 2006. http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.3337

22. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Getting Data onto the Web Approach 1: Consolidate everything into a single database

23. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Getting Data onto the Web Approach 2: Dynamically integrate data into a uniformed representation

24. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Data Integration Systems Oracle RDF database (Oracle) Supports full RDF and RDFS Support SQL query over RDF graph model Built-in subsumption support: subClassOf and subPropertyOf D2RQ (Freie Universität Berlin): Declarative language for describing mappings between relational DB schemas and RDFS/OWL ontologies Support SQL D2RQ Server allows accesses to SQL using SPARQL queries over HTTP KnowledgeSmarts (Image Matters LLC) A middle-ware system for knowledge integration over heterogeneous datastores Supports SQL, Shapefiles, XML, WFS and more. Optimized for applications that require spatial and temporal computation support.

25. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Searching Semantic Data Swoogle: a Semantic Web search engine The Ebiquity Research Group at UMBC Indexes 1.5 million SW documents (as of 2006/06) Performs sophisticated statistic analysis on triples, OWL classes, OWL properties, and documents (similar to Page Rank) How to search “geo” ontology using Swoolge http://geospatialsemanticweb.com/2006/06/06/searching- geospatial-ontologies-in-swooglehttp://geospatialsemanticweb.com/2006/06/06/searching- geospatial-ontologies-in-swoogle http://swoogle.umbc.edu

26. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial III. Semantic Web Mashup Example

27. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Semantic Mashup: Piggy Bank Piggy Bank is a Firefox extension that uses JavaScript to scrape RDF triples from the Web. Part of MIT’s SIMILE project http://simile.mit.edu/piggy-bank

28. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Movies at Toronto.Com Typical movies listing Piggy Bank this information

29. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Semantic Data in a Piggy Bank Location information Movies!!!!

30. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Location! Location! Location!

31. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial IV. Concluding Remarks

32. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Mashups are HOT An explosion of “mashups” is fueled by (1) ubiquitous Web Service API (esp. Google Maps API) (2) the idea that “everyone can create new applications by reusing the existing parts” (3) the rediscovery of the power of “maps”

33. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Semantics is the Key Developing more sophisticated mashups will require the use of Semantic Web technology For publishing data on the Web For exporting legacy data onto the Web For search semantic data on the Web We should embrace both “Semantic Web” and “semantic web” technology

34. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial You Mashup? By Cathy Wilcox, the Sydney Morning Herald

35. SemanticWeb.com Geospatial Resources Geospatial Semantic Web Blog http://geospatialsemanticweb.com Bookmarks, links to podcasts and more Questions? Email: harryc@imagem.ccharryc@imagem.cc http://harry.hchen1.com